The Syria Recovery Trust Fund (SRTF) is a multidonor trust fund established in 2013, to channel grant financing toward rebuilding essential infrastructure and public services in areas of Syria not under control of the central government. [1] It primarily supports water, health, electricity, education, agriculture, and livelihoods projects in opposition-held or less accessible areas across Syria.
The SRTF was created in September 2013 under a framework agreement signed by Germany, United Arab Emirates, and the Syrian National Coalition, with German Development Bank(KfW) acting as trustee and administrator. [2] The initial contributions from Germany and the UAE were each €10 million, and KfW was tasked with structuring and managing the fund on behalf of the donor community. [3] Over subsequent years, additional donor states, including Denmark, Finland, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Japan, Kuwait, the Netherlands, and Sweden joined the Fund. The Fund was created as an alternative funding mechanism to provide recovery support in opposition areas, thereby bypassing channels through the Syrian government. [4]
According to donor documents and development agency sources, the SRTF seeks to restore basic public services, rebuild infrastructure, and support resilience and livelihood recovery in waraffected communities. [5] Its interventions cover sectors such as water and sanitation, health, electricity and energy (including solar power), agriculture, waste management, and small business support. The geographic focus is primarily in northern and northeastern Syria, often via crossborder delivery routes. The U.S. Agency for International Development describes the SRTF as composed of 14 international donors including the United States, Germany, and the UAE. [6] USAID also reports that the US is the second largest donor, having contributed about $70 million since inception. KfW also states that in 2024 it pledged €79 million from the German government for reconstruction-related activities, as part of its portfolio that includes SRTF operations. [7]
KfW acts as trustee and financial manager of the SRTF, handling donor contributions and disbursements. [8] The Fund’s governance includes oversight by donor states and a management committee or board (though precise public documentation of its governance structure is limited). Funding totals and performance are periodically published by KfW and SRTF. As of a 2024 KfW update, cumulative commitments by donor states to projects via KfW (including SRTF) amounted to about €373.9 million, with the SRTF said to have reached 14 million people. [9] KfW further asserts that in late 2024 Germany contributed €10 million and the Netherlands €2 million to the SRTF. [10]
In cooperation with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), SRTF completed a joint agriculture project in Ar Raqqa, rehabilitating a pumping station and irrigation channels (8.7 km) and clearing drainage lines (13.9 km). The project, with a budget of €764,000, directly benefitted 300 farmers and indirectly aided more than 18,760 residents. [11] Other agricultural initiatives include support to cooperative farmers, distribution of seeds and fertilisers, and climate-smart agricultural practices in northern Syria.
SRTF has funded support to health infrastructure including dialysis units. A 2024 health intervention in eastern Syria provided around 9,186 dialysis sessions to 123 patients (40% women), benefiting 229,140 people indirectly. [12]
In December 2023, SRTF and UNDP launched a water and sanitation initiative in six districts of northern Aleppo intended to benefit 168,366 individuals, rehabilitating infrastructure, expanding networks, and creating jobs through cash-for-work programs. [13]
SRTF operates a revolving credit facility known as Siraj Financial Services (or Siraj Centres) targeting small and micro‑enterprises. In 2023, it expanded credit and business support to 1,170 entrepreneurs across sectors including agriculture, services, and trade, with tailored loan packages and training. [14]
Following the Turkey-Syria earthquakes in February 2023, SRTF established an Emergency Response Plan (ERP), approving an initial €1.3 million tranche to provide tents, medical kits, food, and other relief in northern Aleppo. [15] In the same period, SRTF also facilitated bread distribution, mobilised health staff and medical supplies, and coordinated with implementing partners on emergency operations. [16] In its 2023 annual report, SRTF documented 35 active projects with a total budget of €82.85 million, reaching 1.13 million individuals across priority sectors (agriculture, health, electricity, livelihoods). In 2024, it greenlit new health and agriculture projects—e.g. a €2.76 million wheat support initiative to benefit 2,000 farmers and a €0.55 million health program providing 6,240 dialysis sessions over 10 months. The total number of SRTF projects then stood at 71, with a cumulative budget of around €269.07 million. [17]
SRTF’s own reporting claims substantial reach: as of 2024, it asserts to have reached 14 million people with basic services, income support, and food security programming. [18] In 2023, through 35 projects, 1.13 million individuals across sectors were benefitted. Sectorally, in 2023 the fund supported wheat production on 26,321 hectares by 12,438 farmers, resulting in ~100,000 tons in output. It also assisted bread production by supplying materials to mills and bakeries, alongside promoting renewable energy in health, water, and agricultural operations. [19]
Public-facing sources seldom provide detailed critical assessments of SRTF, but some commonly observed challenges include:
Further critical appraisal by independent research or NGOs would strengthen the article’s balance and verifiability.