Tadpole person

An example of a tadpole person in a drawing by a child aged 4½.

A tadpole person ^{[1] [2] [3]} or headfooter ^{[4] [5]} is a simplistic representation of a human being as a figure without a torso, with arms and legs attached to the head. Tadpole people appear in young children's drawings before they learn to draw torsos and move on to more realistic depictions such as stick figures.

Preschoolers who draw tadpole people will generally not draw torsos, even when instructed to include features that are part of the torso, such as a belly button. Instead, they tend to draw the feature onto the tadpole person without modifying the figure. ^{[6] [7]}

Clinical significance

A child's drawing of a family, represented as tadpole people.

In cognitive tests such as the Draw-a-Person test, the drawing of tadpole people by adults may indicate a cognitive impairment. For example, patients with dementia tend to draw tadpole people when tasked to draw human figures. ^[8]

Cultural influence

In June 2015, a study examined the tadpole self-drawings of 183 children. It found that the basic vertical structure of a tadpole person isn't affected by a child's cultural background, though certain features still varied depending on their ecosocial context. Children from educated and urban circumstances drew themselves with a wider range of facial expressions and a taller height, whereas children from rural and traditional contexts drew themselves with fewer facial expressions and a shorter height. ^[9]

In art

Detail of the centre panel of the triptych The Last Judgment by Hieronymus Bosch, showing a gryllos that bears resemblance to a headfooter.

The early work of Austrian artist Oswald Tschirtner often contained headfooters. ^{[10] [11]}

The Last Judgment by Hieronymus Bosch features a gryllos that shares features with headfooters.

Fictional characters such as Roger Hargreaves's Mr. Men or the video game character Kirby have this type of design, which may appeal to young children who draw people in this way.^{[ citation needed ]}

See also

• Headless men

References

1. Freeman, N.H. (3 April 1975). "Do children draw men with arms coming out of the head?" . Nature . 254 (5499): 416–417. Bibcode:1975Natur.254..416F. doi:10.1038/254416a0. S2CID   4269922 . Retrieved 2023-11-15.
2. Bassett, Elizabeth M. (1977). "Chapter 3: Production Strategies in the Child's Drawing of the Human Figure: Towards an Argument for a Model of Syncretic Perception". In Butterworth, George (ed.). The Child's Representation of the World. Plenum Press. pp. 49–59. ISBN   0306310252.
3. Spensley, Fiona; Taylor, Josie (1999). "The Development of Cognitive Flexibility: Evidence from Children's Drawings" . Human Development . 42 (6): 300–324. doi:10.1159/000022639. JSTOR   26763422. S2CID   29015414 . Retrieved 2023-11-15.
4. ter Laak, J.; de Goede, M.; Aleva, A.; van Rijswijk, P. (2005). "The Draw-A-Person Test: An Indicator of Children's Cognitive and Socioemotional Adaptation?". The Journal of Genetic Psychology . 166 (1): 77–93. doi:10.3200/GNTP.166.1.77-93. hdl: 1874/27790 . PMID   15782679. S2CID   12572911 . Retrieved 2023-11-15.
5. Seidel, Christa (November 3–7, 2010). Model for Interpreting Drawings and its Application in the Hospital School (PDF). 7th Hope Congress. Munich.
6. Coté, Carol A.; Golbeck, Susan (2007-08-13). "Pre-schoolers' feature placement on own and others' person drawings" . International Journal of Early Years Education. 15 (3): 231–243. doi:10.1080/09669760701516868. S2CID   143866588 . Retrieved 2023-03-20.
7. Boyatzis, C.J.; Michaelson, P.; Lyle, E. (1995). "Symbolic immunity and flexibility in preschoolers' human figure drawings". The Journal of Genetic Psychology. 156 (3): 293–302. doi:10.1080/00221325.1995.9914824. PMID   7595423.
8. Ericsson, Kjerstin; Hillerås, Pernilla; Holmen, Karin; Winblad, Bengt (1996). "Human-figure drawing (HFD) in the screening of cognitive impairment in old age". Journal of Medical Screening. 3 (2): 105–109. doi: 10.1177/096914139600300212 . PMID   8849770.
9. Gernhardt, Ariane; Rübeling, Hartmut; Keller, Heidi (2015-06-17). "Cultural perspectives on children's tadpole drawings: at the interface between representation and production". Frontiers in Psychology. 6: 812. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00812 . ISSN   1664-1078. PMC   4469825 . PMID   26136707.
10. "Oswald Tschirtner". Raw Vision. No. 2. 1989. p. 32.
11. Maizels, John (2000-09-20). Raw Creation: Outsider Art and Beyond. Phaidon Press. p. 90. ISBN   978-0714840093.