Related Research Articles
AbūIsḥāq Muḥammad ibn Hārūn al-Rashīd,better known by his regnal name al-Muʿtaṣim biʾllāh,was the eighth Abbasid caliph,ruling from 833 until his death in 842. A younger son of Caliph Harun al-Rashid,he rose to prominence through his formation of a private army composed predominantly of Turkic slave-soldiers. This proved useful to his half-brother,Caliph al-Ma'mun,who employed al-Mu'tasim and his Turkish guard to counterbalance other powerful interest groups in the state,as well as employing them in campaigns against rebels and the Byzantine Empire. When al-Ma'mun died unexpectedly on campaign in August 833,al-Mu'tasim was thus well placed to succeed him,overriding the claims of al-Ma'mun's son al-Abbas.
Ṭāhir ibn Ḥusayn,,also known as Dhul-Yamīnayn,and al-Aʿwar,was a general and governor during the Abbasid Caliphate. Specifically,he served under al-Ma'mun during the Fourth Fitna and led the armies that would defeat al-Amin,making al-Ma'mun the caliph.
The Tahirid dynasty was an Arabized Sunni Muslim dynasty of Persian dehqan origin that ruled as governors of Khorasan from 821 to 873 as well as serving as military and security commanders in Abbasid Baghdad until 891. The dynasty was founded by Tahir ibn Husayn,a leading general in the service of the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun. For his support of al-Ma'mun in the Fourth Fitna,he was granted the governance of Khorasan.
AbūʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad ibn Hārūn al-Muʿtazz bi-ʾLlāh,better known by his regnal title al-Muʿtazz bi-ʾLlāh was the Abbasid caliph from 866 to 869,during a period of extreme internal instability within the Abbasid Caliphate,known as the "Anarchy at Samarra".
Talha ibn Tahir was the Tahirid governor of Khurasan from 822 until his death.
Abdallah ibn Tahir was a military leader and the Tahirid governor of Khurasan from 828 until his death. He is perhaps the most famous of the Tahirids. His career spanned twenty-five years under three caliphs,al-Ma'mun,al-Mu'tasim,and al-Wathiq. Militarily,he is known for defeating the powerful rebels Nasr ibn Shabath in the Jazira and Ubaydallah ibn al-Sari in Egypt.
Abu 'Abdallah Muhammad ibn Tahir ibn 'Abdallah was the last Tahirid governor of Khurasan,from 862 until 873. He was the governor during the period of Extreme instability in Abbasid Caliphate and Civil war of 865–866. His career spanned under four caliphs al-Musta'in,al-Mu'tazz,al-Muhtadi and al-Mu'tamid. He was later appointed as governor of Baghdad by caliph al-Mu'tamid from 885 to 889.
Abu Ahmad Ṭalḥa ibn Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad ibn Hārūn al-Muwaffaq bi'Llah,better known by his laqab as Al-Muwaffaq Billah,was an Abbasid prince and military leader,who acted as the de facto regent of the Abbasid Caliphate for most of the reign of his brother,Caliph al-Mu'tamid. His stabilization of the internal political scene after the decade-long "Anarchy at Samarra",his successful defence of Iraq against the Saffarids and the suppression of the Zanj Rebellion restored a measure of the Caliphate's former power and began a period of recovery,which culminated in the reign of al-Muwaffaq's own son,the Caliph al-Mu'tadid.
Aytākh or Ītākh al-Khazarī was a leading commander in the Turkic army of the Abbasid caliph al-Mu'tasim.
The Fourth Fitna or Great Abbasid Civil War resulted from the conflict between the brothers al-Amin and al-Ma'mun over the succession to the throne of the Abbasid Caliphate. Their father,Caliph Harun al-Rashid,had named al-Amin as the first successor,but had also named al-Ma'mun as the second,with Khurasan granted to him as an appanage. Later a third son,al-Qasim,had been designated as third successor. After Harun died in 809,al-Amin succeeded him in Baghdad. Encouraged by the Baghdad court,al-Amin began trying to subvert the autonomous status of Khurasan,and al-Qasim was quickly sidelined. In response,al-Ma'mun sought the support of the provincial élites of Khurasan and made moves to assert his own autonomy. As the rift between the two brothers and their respective camps widened,al-Amin declared his own son Musa as his heir and assembled a large army. In 811,al-Amin's troops marched against Khurasan,but al-Ma'mun's general Tahir ibn Husayn defeated them in the Battle of Ray,and then invaded Iraq and besieged Baghdad itself. The city fell after a year,al-Amin was executed,and al-Ma'mun became Caliph.
Abu'l-Abbas Muhammad ibn Abdallah ibn Tahir was a Tahirid family member,who served the Abbasid Caliphate as governor and chief of police of Baghdad from 851 until his death,during a particularly troubled period in the city's history,which included its siege during the civil war of 865–866,in which he played a major role. He also served in the 860s as governor of Baghdad,Mecca and Medina,and was noted as a scholar,a poet and a patron of artists and scholars.
Shah ibn Mikal or al-Shah ibn Mikal,was an Iranian nobleman from the Mikalid family,who served as a military commander of the Abdallah ibn Tahir,the governor of Khorasan and later directly served under Abbasid caliphs.
Nasr ibn Shabath al-Uqayli was the leader of a rebellion of the Qays tribe in the Jazira against the central Abbasid government during the civil war of the Fourth Fitna.
Sulayman ibn Abdallah ibn Tahir was a ninth century Tahirid official in the service of the Abbasid Caliphate. He was the last governor of Tabaristan,ruling there until he was expelled by the rebellion of al-Hasan ibn Zayd in 864,and was afterwards appointed governor of Baghdad and the Sawad in 869,a position which he held until his death in 879.
Abu Ahmad Ubaydallah ibn Abdallah ibn Tahir was a ninth century Tahirid official and military officer. He was the last major Tahirid to hold high office,having served as the governor of Baghdad at various points between 867 and 891.
Abu al-Husayn Ishaq ibn Ibrahim was a ninth-century official in the service of the Abbasid Caliphate. A member of the Mus'abid family,he was related to the Tahirid governors of Khurasan,and was himself a prominent enforcer of caliphal policy during the reigns of al-Ma'mun,al-Mu'tasim,al-Wathiq,and al-Mutawakkil.
Abu Abdallah Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Mus'ab was a Mus'abid military commander and provincial official for the Abbasid Caliphate. He served as the governor of Fars from 846–7 until his death.
Al-Husayn ibn Isma'il ibn Ibrahim ibn Mus'ab was a ninth century army commander in the service of the Abbasid Caliphate. He was particularly active during the period known as the Anarchy at Samarra (861–870).
The shākiriyya were a regular cavalry regiment of the Abbasid Caliphate in the "Samarra period" in the 9th century. Probably of Khurasani and Iranian origin,they were rivals of the Turkish guard,and played a major role in the court conflicts that marked the decade of the "Anarchy at Samarra" in the 860s.
References
- ↑ Gordon 2001, p. 31.
