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The Politics of Oman take place in a framework of an absolute monarchy,where the Sultan of Oman is both head of state and head of government. The Sultan is hereditary,who appoints a cabinet to assist him. The sultan also serves as the supreme commander of the armed forces and prime minister.
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The Consultative Assembly is the lower house of the Council of Oman. It is the only legislative body in Oman of which all members are democratically elected. The other chamber of the parliament is the Council of State.
Oman is an absolute monarchy in which all legislative,executive,and judiciary power ultimately rests in the hands of the hereditary sultan,and in which the system of laws is based firmly on the monarchs made laws. Although a report by the U.S. State Department,based on conditions in 2010,summed up the human rights situation in the country by asserting that the government "generally respected the human rights of its citizens,",several international human-rights groups have described the state of human rights in Oman in highly critical terms. According to a report,on 20 December 2015,poet and television producer Nasser al-Badri was summoned by the Police Special Section and detained for 12 days without charge and without trial. The report added that the Omani Observatory for Human Rights said that al-Badri was detained because of tweets he posted criticising Sultan Qaboos and the state of the country's economy. Article 41 of Oman's statute (constitution) criminalizes any criticism of the sultan,stating that "the sultan's person is inviolable and must be respected and his orders must be obeyed".
Movements for Muslim women to seek roles in national leadership have increased rapidly. Greater opportunities for women in education have further encouraged their involvement in politics. The most prominent Muslim female leaders are former prime minister of Pakistan Benazir Bhutto,Indonesian President Megawati Sukarnoputri (2001–2004),former Turkish Prime Minister Tansu Ciller (1993–1996),former Senegalese Prime Minister Mame Madior Boye (2001–2002),Bangladeshi Prime Ministers Khaleda Zia and Sheikh Hasina Wajed,former Iranian Vice President Masoumeh Ebtekar (1997–2005),former Malian Prime Minister CisséMariam Kaïdama Sidibé(2011–2012),Kosovan President Atifete Jahjaga (2011–2016),former President of Mauritius Ameenah Gurib (2015–2018),and current President of Singapore Halimah Yacob and current President of Tanzania Samia Suluhu Hassan
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Shakour bint Mohammed al-Ghamari is an Omani politician. In 1994,she and Taiba al-Mawali were indirectly elected to the Consultative Assembly,becoming the first women in the Parliament of Oman.
Lujaina Mohsin Haider Darwish is an Omani politician. Along with Rahila Al Riyami,she was one of the first two women to be directly elected to the Consultative Assembly in 2000. In 2015 she was appointed to the Council of State. Darwish is also the chairperson of ITICS at Mohsin Haider Darwish.
In the total 11 terms of the Parliament of the Islamic Republic of Iran,78 women have won 111 seats in various terms. Some of these women were subsequently disqualified by the Guardian Council,some failed to win the necessary votes to re-enter parliament,some were imprisoned or left Iran,and others are still seeking re-election to the parliament. There are 16 women from 13 constituencies in the current term of the parliament of Iran.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 For an Omani, Taiba al-Mawali is a very unusual woman Daily Star
- ↑ Calvin H Allen & W Lynn Rigsbee II (2014) Oman Under Qaboos: From Coup to Constitution, 1970-1996 , Routledge, p56
- ↑ Women join Oman council The Independent, 25 November 1997
- ↑ Oman: Further information on fear of torture or ill-treatment/ possible prisoners of conscience: Aaiba al Mawali, former member of parliament Amnesty