Kumyks are a Turkic ethnic group living in Dagestan, Chechnya and North Ossetia. They are the largest Turkic people in the North Caucasus.
The Caucasian War or the Caucasus War was a 19th-century military conflict between the Russian Empire and various peoples of the North Caucasus who resisted subjugation during the Russian conquest of the Caucasus. It consisted of a series of military actions waged by the Russian Imperial Army and Cossack settlers against the native inhabitants such as the Adyghe, Abaza-Abkhazians, Ubykhs, Chechens, and Dagestanis as the Tsars sought to expand.
The Shamkhalate of Tarki, or Tarki Shamkhalate was a Kumyk state in the eastern part of the North Caucasus, with its capital in the ancient town of Tarki. It formed on the territory populated by Kumyks and included territories corresponding to modern Dagestan and adjacent regions. After subjugation by the Russian Empire, the Shamkhalate's lands were split between the Empire's feudal domain with the same name extending from the river Sulak to the southern borders of Dagestan, between Kumyk possessions of the Russian Empire and other administrative units.
Gazikumukh Khanate was a Lak state that was established in present-day Dagestan after the disintegration of Gazikumukh Shamkhalate in 1642. Its peoples included various Lezgin tribes and Avars.
The Battle of the Valerik River on 11 July 1840 was fought as part of the Russian conquest of the Caucasus. It occurred about 30 km southwest of the fortress of Groznaya between forces of the Imperial Russian Army and North Caucasian mountaineers led by the naib (viceroy) Ahberdila Muhammad. It remains famous because of the poem "Valerik" by Mikhail Lermontov, a participant.
Giorgi Kazbegi was a Georgian nobleman and general in the Imperial Russian service. His military and civil career spanned more than four decades, ending with the Bolshevik takeover of Georgia in 1921. He is also an author of military and historical reports, including an account of his 1874 reconnaissance mission to the then-Ottoman held Georgian lands with sketches of the region's medieval Christian monuments.
The Battle(s) of Dargo or Dargo Campaign of 1845 was a series of military actions during the Murid War, the eastern phase of the Caucasus War of 1817–1864. During the campaign, Mikhail Vorontsov penetrated too deeply into enemy country, was surrounded, and partially fought his way out with heavy losses and was rescued by General R. K. Freitag.
The Battle of Ichkeria (1842) was an attempt by General Grabbe to take Imam Shamil's capital at Dargo during the Russian conquest of the Caucasus. It failed because of the difficulty of moving a large force through the forest.
Benoyn Boyshar, also known as Baysangur of Beno or simply Baysangur was a 19th-century North Caucasian commander of Chechen origin. He was one of the naibs (deputies) of Imam Shamil. Baysangur participated in the Caucasian War of 1817–1861.
Isa of Ghendargen was a Chechen General during the Caucasian War, who commanded the Eastern and Central Fronts of Caucasian Imamate. He is also one of the great commanders in Chechen history. Isa was of the Ghendargnoy teip and Appaz-Nek'e.
Kumykia, or rarely called Kumykistan, is a historical and geographical region located along the Caspian Sea shores, on the Kumyk plateau, in the foothills of Dagestan and along the river Terek. The term Kumykia encompasses territories which are historically and currently populated by the Turkic-speaking Kumyk people. Kumykia was the main "granary of Dagestan". The important trade routes, such as one of the branches of the Great Silk Road, passed via Kumykia.
Shuaib-Mulla of Tsentara was a North Caucasian commander and naib of the Caucasian Imamate during the Caucasian War. He was one of Imam Shamil's closest associates and was nicknamed the "Marshal of the Forests" for his skill in guerrilla warfare by Count Pavel Grabbe.
GalashkinskoeNaibstvo, self-designated as Vilayet Kalay, was an Ingush administrative unit of the Caucasian Imamate. The Naibstvo was the farthest region of the Imamate in the west and it was established on the territory of Galashian society.
The Nazranians were a historical Ingush ethnoterritorial subethnic group (society) which inhabited modern day Nazranovsky District and Prigorodny District.
Arsiko-Makhamaz-ogly was the Kistin naib of Imam Shamil who served as the governor of the District of Mountainous Chechnya of North Caucasian Imamate during the Caucasian War. Arsiko was also referred as the Kistin Naib. According to historian Yu. U. Dadayev, he was among the brave and faithful naibs of Shamil alongside Muhammad-Mirza Anzorov and a number of others.
Arshty is a rural locality in Sunzhensky District of the Republic of Ingushetia, Russia, located on left bank of the river Arshtynka near the border with the Republic of Chechnya. It forms the municipality of the rural settlement of Arshty as the only settlement in its composition.
Vilayet Arshtkhoy,Vilayet Arshty,Arshtinskiy Vilayet, was an Ingush administrative unit of the North Caucasian Imamate. It was established on the territory of Orstkhoy society with the center being the village of Arshty.
Tashaw-Hadji was one of the prominent leaders of the North Caucasian resistance during the Caucasian War, a companion of imam Shamil. He was the imam of Chechnya since 1834. Upon the death of Gazi-Muhammad, he was one of the major candidates at the elections of the Imam of Dagestan, losing to Shamil by one vote only. Later, he became one of the mudirs of Imam Shamil. He was also the governor (naib) of Aukh.
The Battle of Endirey was a major confrontation between the Russian Empire and its allies with the Chechens and Kumyks and took place in a gorge on the Aktash River near Endirey. An army sent led by Brigadier Andrei Veterani was encircled by a combined Chechen–Kumyk force, as a result of which the corps was defeated and forced to retreat. Another detachment under Colonel Naumov broke into Endirey and destroyed it.
Ismaylin Duda was a Chechen warlord, commander of the Urus-Martan detachment that fought in the Caucasus War. In 1820-1840, Duda, together with Beibulat and Isa, repelled Russian attacks in south-western Chechnya, inflicting major defeats on the Russian army. Duda was of the Gendargenoy teip and Sayki-Nek'e.
Caucasian Imamate 
