Tarapacaite

Tarapacáite
General
Category	Sulfate minerals
Formula ; (repeating unit)	K2(CrO4)
Strunz classification	7.FA.05
Dana classification	35.2.1.1.1 Anhydrous chromates
Crystal system	Orthorhombic
Crystal class	Dipyramidal (mmm) ; H-M symbol: (2/m 2/m 2/m)
Identification
Color	bright yellow, yellow-orange
Crystal habit	thick tabular
Cleavage	distinct/ good ; On {001} and {010}, distinct
Diaphaneity	transparent
Specific gravity	2.735
Solubility	soluble in water
Other characteristics	Health risks: contains the carcinogenic and mutagenic chromate ion
References	[1]

Last updated February 26, 2019

Tarapacáite is the mineral form of potassium chromate with the chemical formula K ₂ Cr O ₄. It forms bright yellow crystals and was discovered in 1878. It is named for the former Tarapacá Province, Peru; nowadays belonging to Chile. The boundaries between Peru, Bolivia and Chile were vague in the Atacama Desert before the War of the Pacific (1879–1883). Its type locality is Oficina Maria Elena, Maria Elena, Tocopilla Province, Antofagasta Region, Chile. It is unlikely to occur anywhere except in highly arid conditions as it is easily soluble in water.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Potassium chromate is the inorganic compound with the formula (K₂CrO₄). This yellow solid is the potassium salt of the chromate anion. It is a common laboratory chemical, whereas sodium chromate is important industrially. It is a class two carcinogen as it contains hexavalent chromium.

A chemical formula is a way of presenting information about the chemical proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound or molecule, using chemical element symbols, numbers, and sometimes also other symbols, such as parentheses, dashes, brackets, commas and plus (+) and minus (−) signs. These are limited to a single typographic line of symbols, which may include subscripts and superscripts. A chemical formula is not a chemical name, and it contains no words. Although a chemical formula may imply certain simple chemical structures, it is not the same as a full chemical structural formula. Chemical formulas can fully specify the structure of only the simplest of molecules and chemical substances, and are generally more limited in power than are chemical names and structural formulas.

Chromium is a chemical element with symbol Cr and atomic number 24. It is the first element in group 6. It is a steely-grey, lustrous, hard and brittle transition metal. Chromium boasts a high usage rate as a metal that is able to be highly polished while resisting tarnishing. Chromium is also the main additive in stainless steel, a popular steel alloy due to its uncommonly high specular reflection. Simple polished chromium reflects almost 70% of the visible spectrum, with almost 90% of infrared light waves being reflected. The name of the element is derived from the Greek word χρῶμα, chrōma, meaning color, because many chromium compounds are intensely colored.

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References

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[Mindat-1] 1 2 Mindat

[2] Webmineral.com - Tarapacaite

[3] Handbook of Mineralogy (HOM - MSA) - Tarapacaite