Nasir al-Din Muhammad,commonly known by his regnal name Humayun,was the second Mughal emperor,who ruled over territory in what is now Eastern Afghanistan,Bangladesh,Northern India,and Pakistan from 1530 to 1540 and again from 1555 to his death in 1556. At the time of his death,the Mughal Empire spanned almost one million square kilometers.
The Second Battle of Panipat was fought on 5 November 1556,between Akbar and the king of Delhi,Hemu. Hemu had conquered Delhi and Agra a few weeks earlier by defeating Mughal forces under Tardi Beg Khan in the battle of Delhi and crowned himself Raja Vikramaditya at Purana Quila in Delhi.
Panipat is a historic city,located in Haryana,India. It is 95 km north of Delhi and 169 km south of Chandigarh on NH-1. The three major battles fought in 1526,1556 and 1761 took place near the city. The city is famous in India as the "City of Weavers" and "Textile City". It is also known as the "cast-off capital" due to being "the global centre for recycling textiles". Panipat is also home to a variety of manufacturing industries including wool and cotton milling,saltpetre refining,and the manufacture of glass,electrical appliances,and other products. Panipat is included in the list of Critically Polluted Industrial Areas in India. The Comprehensive Environment Pollution Index (CEPI) of the city is 71.91 as against 88.50 of Ankaleshwar (Gujarat). The fatal field of Panipat is the site of three battles that changed the course of India's history,resulting in the creation and confirmation of the Mughal Empire. The third battle led to the decisive defeat of the Maratha Confederacy in North India,which became a dominating power in Delhi by then and paved the way for the British colonial rule of India.
Hemu was an Indian emperor who previously served as a general and Wazir of Adil Shah Suri of Sur Empire during a period in Indian history when Mughals and Afghans were vying for power across North India. He fought Afghan rebels across North India from Punjab to Bengal and Mughal forces of Humayun and Akbar in Agra and Delhi,winning 22 battles for Adil Shah Suri.
Muhammad Bairam Khan,commonly known as Bairam Khan or Bayram Khan was an important military commander,and later commander-in-chief of the Mughal army,a powerful statesman and regent at the court of the Mughal Emperors,Humayun and Akbar. He was also the guardian,chief mentor,adviser,teacher and the most trusted ally of Akbar. Akbar honoured him as Khan-i-Khanan,which means "King of Kings". Bairam was originally called Bairam "Beg",but later became honoured as Khan. Bairam Khan was an aggressive general who was determined to restore Mughal authority in India.
Khanzada Mirza Khan Abdul Rahim,popularly known as simply Rahim and titled Khan-i-Khanan,was a poet who lived in India during the rule of Mughal emperor Akbar,who was Rahim's mentor. He was one of the nine important ministers (dewan) in Akbar's court,known as the Navaratnas. Rahim was known for his Hindustani dohe (couplets) and his books on astrology.
Sikandar Shah Suri was the sixth ruler of the Sur Empire,a late medieval Pashtun dynasty of northern India. He became the sultan of Delhi after overthrowing Ibrahim Shah Suri.
Gulbadan Begum was a Mughal princess and the daughter of Emperor Babur,the founder of the Mughal Empire.
Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar,popularly known as Akbar the Great,and also as Akbar I,was the third Mughal emperor,who reigned from 1556 to 1605. Akbar succeeded his father,Humayun,under a regent,Bairam Khan,who helped the young emperor expand and consolidate Mughal domains in the Indian subcontinent. He was considered one of the greatest emperors of India in Indian history.
Shaikh Gadai Kamboh was a Punjabi Muslim Sufi saint. He was the son,disciple and successor of famous scholar,philosopher and poet-laureate Shaikh Jamali Kamboh of Delhi and brother of the 'Master of Expression'—Shaikh Abd-al-Hai Hayati. His real name was Abdur Rehman but he became famous as Gadai. He was well-renowned for his sanctity and learning and was in high favour with emperor Humayun and Bairam Khan. He is also said to have remained a Musahib of the Afghan emperor Salim Shah Suri. During Akbar’s reign,he occupied the high office of “Sadr-i-sadur” of Hindustan.
The Battle of Tughlaqabad was a notable battle fought on 7 October 1556 between a Hindu king Hem Chandra Vikramaditya,also known as Hemu and the forces of the Mughal emperor Akbar led by Tardi Beg Khan at Tughlaqabad near Delhi. The battle ended in a 'victory of Hem Chandra' who took possession of Delhi and claimed royal status,assuming the title of Raja Vikramaditya. Following his failure,Tardi Beg was executed by Akbar's regent,Bairam Khan. The two armies would meet again at Panipat a month later with opposite results.
Munʿim Khān was a Mughal general under both emperors Humayun and Akbar. He was titled Khān-i-Khānān when Emperor Akbar appointed him as Prime Minister of the Mughal Empire in 1560. In 1564,he became the Subahdar of Jaunpur. Munim Khan was the first Mughal governor of Bengal Subah from 1574 to 1575 and Kabul in two separate terms from 1556 to 1560 and 1563 to 1575.
The Army of the Mughal Empire was the force by which the Mughal emperors established their empire in the 16th century and expanded it to its greatest extent at the beginning of the 18th century. Although its origins,like the Mughals themselves,were in the cavalry-based armies of central Asia,its essential form and structure was established by the empire's third emperor,Akbar. The regular forces mainly recruited and fielded by Mansabdar officers.
Salima Sultan Begum was the third wife and chief consort of the Mughal emperor Akbar,and the granddaughter of Babur.
Mah Chuchak Begum was a wife of the second Mughal emperor Humayun. She was an ambitious lady who threw out the Naib Subadar and ruled Kabul on her own,once leading her army in person and defeating Munim Khan at Jalalabad.
Hemu's Smadhi Sthal,is a memorial to the Hindu king Hemu at Shodapur village on Jind road near Panipat city in Panipat district of Haryana state in India. It stands at the location where he was executed.
The Battle of Sirhind was fought between the Mughal Empire and the Suri Empire in 1555.
The Mughal conquest of Malwa was a military campaign launched by the Mughal Empire in 1560 during the reign of Akbar against the Sultanate of Malwa,which had broken free from Mughal rule during the rebellion of Sher Shah Suri from the emperor Humayun. Thus,Akbar had a claim to the province. Baz Bahadur had been the governor of Malwa in the Sur Empire but broke away after the death of Sher Shah.
The Subah of Lahore was a province of the Mughal Empire encompassing the central Punjab and eastern Punjab,now divided between Pakistan and India. It was created as one of the original 12 Subahs of the Mughal Empire under the administrative reforms carried by emperor Akbar in 1580. The province ceased to exist after the death of its last viceroy,Adina Beg in 1758,with large parts being incorporated into Durrani Empire. Collectively,Lahore and Multan Subahs comprised Mughal Punjab.
