Tardive dysmentia

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Tardive dysmentia is a rarely used term introduced in a 1983 paper to describe "changes in affect, activation level, and interpersonal interaction", [1] and hypothesized to be caused by long-term exposure to neuroleptic drugs in the same way as the much better-known syndrome of tardive dyskinesia. Several papers in the following years discussed the validity of the concept, and this small literature was reviewed in a 1993 publication by M. S. Myslobodsky, [2] who drew attention to the "possibility that the syndrome of dysmentia is composed of occasional excessive emotional reactivity, enhanced responsiveness to environmental stimuli, and indifference to or reduced awareness of the patient's abnormal involuntary movements", [2] but concluded that the pathophysiology was uncertain. [2] Since then, the term has fallen into disuse, receiving at most only passing mentions in the literature.[ citation needed ]

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Trifluoperazine Chemical compound

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Haloperidol Typical antipsychotic medication

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Fluphenazine Chemical compound

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Typical antipsychotic Class of drugs

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Tardive dyskinesia Neurological disorder featuring involuntary, repetitive body movements

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Tardive psychosis is a term for a hypothetical form of psychosis, proposed in 1978. It was defined as a condition caused by long term use of neuroleptics, noticeable when the medication had become decreasingly effective, requiring higher doses, or when not responding to higher doses.

Perminder Sachdev is a neuropsychiatrist based in Australia. He is the Scientia Professor of Neuropsychiatry at the University of New South Wales (UNSW), Australia, the director of the Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), UNSW, and the Clinical Director of the Neuropsychiatric Institute (NPI) at the Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia.

Aripiprazole lauroxil Chemical compound

Aripiprazole lauroxil, sold under the brand name Aristada, is a long-acting injectable atypical antipsychotic that was developed by Alkermes. It is an N-acyloxymethyl prodrug of aripiprazole that is administered via intramuscular injection once every four to eight weeks for the treatment of schizophrenia. Aripiprazole lauroxil was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on 5 October 2015.

Dopamine supersensitivity psychosis is a hypothesis that attempts to explain the phenomenon in which psychosis occurs despite treatment with escalating doses of antipsychotics. Dopamine supersensitivity may be caused by the dopamine receptor D2 antagonizing effect of antipsychotics, causing a compensatory increase in D2 receptors within the brain that sensitizes neurons to endogenous release of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Because psychosis is thought to be mediated—at least in part—by the activity of dopamine at D2 receptors, the activity of dopamine in the presence of supersensitivity may paradoxically give rise to worsening psychotic symptoms despite antipsychotic treatment at a given dose. This phenomenon may co-occur with tardive dyskinesia, a rare movement disorder that may also be due to dopamine supersensitivity.

References

  1. Wilson, I. C; Garbutt, J. C; Lanier, C. F; Moylan, J; Nelson, W; Prange, A. J (1983). "Is There a Tardive Dysmentia?". Schizophrenia Bulletin. 9 (2): 187–92. doi: 10.1093/schbul/9.2.187 . PMID   6135252.
  2. 1 2 3 Myslobodsky, M.S (1993). "Central Determinants of Attention and Mood Disorder in Tardive Dyskinesia ('Tardive Dysmentia')". Brain and Cognition. 23 (1): 88–101. doi: 10.1006/brcg.1993.1047 . PMID   8217124. S2CID   7278493.

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