Target Two Point Zero

Last updated

Target Two Point Zero was an interest rate challenge for students in the UK set by the Bank of England and The Times. Students aged 16 to 18 were asked to analyse the economic outlook and recommend what interest rate should be set. The students made a 15-minute presentation and were judged by Bank of England staff, through three rounds with an ultimate winner being selected in a national final. The Bank of England announced that 2017 was the last year of the competition[ citation needed ].

Contents

The challenge

Target Two Point Zero invited students aged 16 to 18 to take on the role of the Monetary Policy Committee to analyse current economic conditions in the UK and the outlook for inflation. Teams of four students created a formal presentation that was delivered to a panel of judges from the Bank of England. The presentations were concluded with a recommendation on exactly what interest rate the team would set in order to achieve the UK government's inflation target of 2.0% CPI.

Following the initial presentation, which lasted a maximum of 15 minutes, the judges had the opportunity to ask questions about what had been said. They might have asked the students to justify or clarify certain aspects of their interpretation of the economic conditions.

Structure of the competition

The challenge had three identical rounds: regional heats, area finals and the national final. There was a sufficient time lapse between rounds to compel teams to change and update their presentation to take into account of new economic statistics, or the MPC’s own interest rate decisions.

Winners of the competition

No.YearWinning schoolRunner(s) UpOther Finalists
12001Harry Carlton Comprehensive School, Loughborough [1] The Perse School, CambridgeWimbledon High School, Wimbledon
Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School
St Patrick's Grammar School
Torquay Boys' Grammar School
22002Blackpool Sixth Form College [2] The Perse School, CambridgeWolverhampton Girls' High School, Wolverhampton
Eton College, Windsor
Highgate School, London
Nottingham High School for Girls, Nottingham
32003St Paul's School, Barnes [3] Eton College, WindsorThe Perse School, Cambridge
Churston Ferrers Grammar School, Brixham
The Beauchamp College, Leicester
The Blackpool Sixth Form College, Blackpool
42004Highgate School, London [4] The Grange School, NorthwichTorquay Boys' Grammar School & Torquay Grammar School for Girls
Brighton College

John Leggott Sixth Form College, Scunthorpe
The Perse School, Cambridge

52005Cranbrook School [5] The Cheltenham Ladies’ College, GloucestershireHighgate School, London
Royal Grammar School, Newcastle upon Tyne
Wirral Grammar School for Boys, Merseyside
Verulam School, St Albans
62006Tonbridge School [6] Haberdashers’ Aske’s School for Boys, Elstree, HertfordshireNottingham High School for Girls
Leeds Grammar School
The Blackpool Sixth Form College
Wilson’s School, Wallington
72007Leeds Grammar School [7] Haberdashers' Aske's School for Boys, Elstree, HertfordshireRoyal Grammar School, Newcastle-upon-Tyne
Peter Symonds' College, Winchester
Wilson's School, Wallington, Surrey
Bablake School, Coventry
82008The Tiffin Girls' School, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey [8] Loreto College, Coleraine, County LondonderryLeeds Grammar School
Peter Symonds College, Winchester
Tonbridge School, Kent
Wolverhampton Girls' High School
92009Peter Symonds College, Winchester [9] Nottingham High SchoolGeorge Watson’s College, Edinburgh
Haberdashers’ Aske’s Boys’ School, Elstree
Ilford County High School
King Edward VI Grammar School, Stratford-uponAvon
102010Dulwich College [10] Royal Grammar School, Newcastle upon TyneNorth London Collegiate School, Edgware
King Edward's School, Birmingham
The Blue Coat School, Liverpool
Peter Symonds College, Winchester
112011The Sixth Form College Farnborough [11] Dame Allan's Schools, Newcastle Upon TyneHutchesons' Grammar School, Glasgow
King Edward's School, Birmingham
Stamford Endowed Schools
Merchant Taylors' School, London
122012St Paul’s School, Barnes [12] The Grammar School at LeedsQueen Mary’s Grammar School, Walsall
Brighton College
Haberdashers’ Aske’s Boys’ School, Elstree
Merchiston Castle School, Edinburgh
132013The Grammar School at Leeds [13] St Paul’s School, Barnes
Tonbridge School
King Edward VI School, Southampton
Millfield School, Street
Robert Gordon’s College, Aberdeen
142014Oundle School [14] Bishop Wordsworth’s School, SalisburyIlford County High School
Central Newcastle High School
The Grammar School at Leeds
Watford Grammar School for Girls
152015The Perse School, Cambridge [15] Queen Elizabeth’s School, Barnet
Wolverhampton Girls’ High School
Pate’s Grammar School, Cheltenham
University College School, Hampstead
Stewart’s Melville College, Edinburgh
162016Pate’s Grammar School, Cheltenham [16] Loreto College, ColeraineSaffron Walden County High School
Magdalen College School, Oxford
The Tiffin Girls’ School, Kingston-upon-Thames
Kesteven & Grantham Girls’ School

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bank of England</span> Central bank of the United Kingdom

The Bank of England is the central bank of the United Kingdom and the model on which most modern central banks have been based. Established in 1694 to act as the English Government's banker and debt manager, and still one of the bankers for the Government of the United Kingdom, it is the world's eighth-oldest bank.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Macroeconomics</span> Study of an economy as a whole

Macroeconomics is a branch of economics that deals with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of an economy as a whole. This includes regional, national, and global economies. Macroeconomists study topics such as output/GDP and national income, unemployment, price indices and inflation, consumption, saving, investment, energy, international trade, and international finance.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Inflation</span> Devaluation of currency over a period of time

In economics, inflation is a general increase in the prices of goods and services in an economy. This is usually measured using the consumer price index (CPI). When the general price level rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services; consequently, inflation corresponds to a reduction in the purchasing power of money. The opposite of CPI inflation is deflation, a decrease in the general price level of goods and services. The common measure of inflation is the inflation rate, the annualized percentage change in a general price index. As prices faced by households do not all increase at the same rate, the consumer price index (CPI) is often used for this purpose.

In economics, deflation is a decrease in the general price level of goods and services. Deflation occurs when the inflation rate falls below 0%. Inflation reduces the value of currency over time, but deflation increases it. This allows more goods and services to be bought than before with the same amount of currency. Deflation is distinct from disinflation, a slowdown in the inflation rate; i.e., when inflation declines to a lower rate but is still positive.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Money supply</span> Total value of money available in an economy at a specific point in time

In macroeconomics, money supply refers to the total volume of money held by the public at a particular point in time. There are several ways to define "money", but standard measures usually include currency in circulation and demand deposits. Money supply data is recorded and published, usually by the national statistical agency or the central bank of the country. Empirical money supply measures are usually named M1, M2, M3, etc., according to how wide a definition of money they embrace. The precise definitions vary from country to country, in part depending on national financial institutional traditions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black Wednesday</span> 1992 UK financial crisis

Black Wednesday, or the 1992 sterling crisis, was a financial crisis that occurred on 16 September 1992 when the UK Government was forced to withdraw sterling from the (first) European Exchange Rate Mechanism , following a failed attempt to keep its exchange rate above the lower limit required for ERM participation. At that time, the United Kingdom held the Presidency of the Council of the European Union.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Norman Lamont</span> British politician

Norman Stewart Hughson Lamont, Baron Lamont of Lerwick, is a British politician and former Conservative MP for Kingston-upon-Thames. He served as Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1990 until 1993. He was created a life peer in 1998. Lamont was a supporter of the Eurosceptic organisation Leave Means Leave.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bank of Japan</span> Central Bank of Japan

The Bank of Japan is the central bank of Japan. The bank is often called Nichigin (日銀) for short. It is headquartered in Nihonbashi, Chūō, Tokyo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Monetary policy</span> Policy of interest rates or money supply

Monetary policy is the policy adopted by the monetary authority of a nation to affect monetary and other financial conditions to accomplish broader objectives like high employment and price stability. Further purposes of a monetary policy may be to contribute to economic stability or to maintain predictable exchange rates with other currencies. Today most central banks in developed countries conduct their monetary policy within an inflation targeting framework, whereas the monetary policies of most developing countries' central banks target some kind of a fixed exchange rate system. A third monetary policy strategy, targeting the money supply, was widely followed during the 1980s, but has diminished in popularity since that, though it is still the official strategy in a number of emerging economies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Monetary Policy Committee (United Kingdom)</span> Committee of the Bank of England that decides the United Kingdoms official interest rate

The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) is a committee of the Bank of England, which meets for three and a half days, eight times a year, to decide the official interest rate in the United Kingdom.

In the United Kingdom, the Retail Prices Index or Retail Price Index (RPI) is a measure of inflation published monthly by the Office for National Statistics. It measures the change in the cost of a representative sample of retail goods and services.

SONIA is the effective reference for overnight indexed swaps for unsecured transactions in the Sterling market. SONIA is a risk-free rate.

In macroeconomics, inflation targeting is a monetary policy where a central bank follows an explicit target for the inflation rate for the medium-term and announces this inflation target to the public. The assumption is that the best that monetary policy can do to support long-term growth of the economy is to maintain price stability, and price stability is achieved by controlling inflation. The central bank uses interest rates as its main short-term monetary instrument.

Bank rate, also known as discount rate in American English, is the rate of interest which a central bank charges on its loans and advances to a commercial bank. The bank rate is known by a number of different terms depending on the country, and has changed over time in some countries as the mechanisms used to manage the rate have changed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Quantitative easing</span> Monetary policy tool

Quantitative easing (QE) is a monetary policy action where a central bank purchases predetermined amounts of government bonds or other financial assets in order to stimulate economic activity. Quantitative easing is a novel form of monetary policy that came into wide application after the financial crisis of 2007‍–‍2008. It is used to mitigate an economic recession when inflation is very low or negative, making standard monetary policy ineffective. Quantitative tightening (QT) does the opposite, where for monetary policy reasons, a central bank sells off some portion of its holdings of government bonds or other financial assets.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">College National Fed Challenge</span> Academic competition

The College National Fed Challenge is an annual team competition for undergraduate college students inspired by the working of the Federal Open Market Committee. The competition is intended to encourage students to learn more about the U.S. macro economy, the Federal Reserve System and the implementation of monetary policy. The College Fed Challenge also aims at promoting interest in economics and finance as subjects for advanced study and as the basis for a career.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sveriges Riksbank</span> Central bank of Sweden

Sveriges Riksbank, or simply the Riksbank, is the central bank of Sweden. Founded in 1668, it is the world's oldest surviving central bank, and the third oldest bank in continuous operation. Until the 20th century, it was also the only state-owned central bank outside of the Russian Empire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andrew Bailey (banker)</span> British central banker

Andrew John Bailey is a British central banker and Governor of the Bank of England since 16 March 2020.

Market monetarism is a school of macroeconomic thought that advocates that central banks target the level of nominal income instead of inflation, unemployment, or other measures of economic activity, including in times of shocks such as the bursting of the real estate bubble in 2006, and in the financial crisis that followed. In contrast to traditional monetarists, market monetarists do not believe monetary aggregates or commodity prices such as gold are the optimal guide to intervention. Market monetarists also reject the New Keynesian focus on interest rates as the primary instrument of monetary policy. Market monetarists prefer a nominal income target due to their twin beliefs that rational expectations are crucial to policy, and that markets react instantly to changes in their expectations about future policy, without the "long and variable lags" postulated by Milton Friedman.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2021–2023 inflation</span> Ongoing global inflation above target

A worldwide surge in inflation began in mid-2021, with many countries seeing their highest inflation rates in decades. It has been attributed to various causes, including COVID-19 pandemic-related economic dislocation, supply chain disruptions, the fiscal and monetary stimuli provided in 2020 and 2021 by governments and central banks around the world in response to the pandemic, and price gouging. Recovery in demand from the COVID-19 recession had by 2020 led to significant supply shortages across many business and consumer economic sectors. The inflation rate in the United States and the eurozone peaked in the second half of 2022 and sharply declined in 2023 and into 2024. Despite its decline, significantly higher price levels across various goods and services relative to pre-pandemic levels persist, which some economists speculate is permanent.

References

  1. "Target 2 Point 5 - Harry Carlton Comprehensive School Wins National Final". www.bankofengland.co.uk. 2024-04-04. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
  2. "Target 2 Point 5 - The Blackpool Sixth Form College Wins National 'Challenge'". www.bankofengland.co.uk. 2024-04-04. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
  3. "Target 2 Point 5 - Bank's Interest Rate Challenge Winner Announced Today". www.bankofengland.co.uk. 2024-04-04. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
  4. "Target Two Point Zero - Interest Rate Challenge Winner Announced Today". www.bankofengland.co.uk. 2024-04-04. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
  5. "Target Two Point Zero - Interest Rate Challenge Winner Announced Today". www.bankofengland.co.uk. 2024-04-04. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
  6. "Target Two Point Zero - Interest Rate Challenge Winner Announced Today". www.bankofengland.co.uk. 2024-04-04. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
  7. "Target Two Point Zero - Interest Rate Challenge Winner Announced". www.bankofengland.co.uk. 2024-04-04. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
  8. "Target Two Point Zero - Interest Rate Challenge Winner Announced". www.bankofengland.co.uk. 2024-04-04. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
  9. "Target Two Point Zero - Interest Rate Challenge Winner Announced". www.bankofengland.co.uk. 2024-04-04. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
  10. "Target Two Point Zero - The Bank of England and The Times Interest Rate Challenge". www.bankofengland.co.uk. 2024-04-04. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
  11. "Target Two Point Zero - Interest Rate Challenge winner announced today". www.bankofengland.co.uk. 2024-04-04. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
  12. "Interest Rate Challenge winner announced today". www.bankofengland.co.uk. 2024-04-04. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
  13. "Interest Rate Challenge winner announced today". www.bankofengland.co.uk. 2024-04-04. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
  14. "Interest Rate Challenge winner announced today". www.bankofengland.co.uk. 2024-04-04. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
  15. "Interest Rate Challenge winner announced today". www.bankofengland.co.uk. 2024-04-04. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
  16. "Interest Rate Challenge winner announced today". www.bankofengland.co.uk. 2018-02-27. Retrieved 2024-04-07.