Telemedicine in Nepal is a new approach that connects healthcare providers with patients in remote areas, overcoming geographical and infrastructure challenges to improve access to healthcare. [1] By utilizing information technology, telemedicine has proven to be a cost-effective and efficient solution for delivering healthcare services across the country. [2]
The Government of Nepal has recognized the importance of telemedicine in improving healthcare delivery, particularly for remote and underserved populations. For instance, telemedicine services have been targeted at providing healthcare to migrant workers both within and outside the country. [3] After the COVID-19 pandemic, government hospitals and private health centers in Nepal started using telemedicine more widely. [4] [5]
In 2021 the government started telemedicine services in the Bir Hospital. [6] Several private centers in Nepal have begun offering telemedicine services, either for free or on a paid basis. Among these National Cardiac Centre is offering free telemedicine services to both migrant workers and those living in remote areas of Nepal. [7] [8] This initiative leverages innovative IT technology to reach patients who might otherwise lack access to specialized care. [9]
Apart from clinical services, telemedicine in Nepal is also used as a platform for sharing medical knowledge. Numerous doctors utilize online platforms to educate the public and raise awareness on various health-related topics. [10]
The Nepal Medical Council (NMC), recognizing the growing trend of telemedicine, has begun formulating guidelines to ensure the safe and ethical practice of telemedicine.These guidelines are designed to address issues related to the standardization of care, patient privacy, and the legal responsibilities of healthcare providers. [11]
Telemedicine offers great potential to improve healthcare access for underserved populations, including those in remote areas and migrant workers. However, challenges like poor internet, low awareness, and the digital divide limit its adoption in rural regions. [12] [13] Despite these issues, telemedicine is seen as a crucial tool for enhancing healthcare access in Nepal, with continued investment promising further growth. [14]
Telehealth is the distribution of health-related services and information via electronic information and telecommunication technologies. It allows long-distance patient and clinician contact, care, advice, reminders, education, intervention, monitoring, and remote admissions. Telemedicine is sometimes used as a synonym, or is used in a more limited sense to describe remote clinical services, such as diagnosis and monitoring. When rural settings, lack of transport, a lack of mobility, conditions due to outbreaks, epidemics or pandemics, decreased funding, or a lack of staff restrict access to care, telehealth may bridge the gap as well as provide distance-learning; meetings, supervision, and presentations between practitioners; online information and health data management and healthcare system integration. Telehealth could include two clinicians discussing a case over video conference; a robotic surgery occurring through remote access; physical therapy done via digital monitoring instruments, live feed and application combinations; tests being forwarded between facilities for interpretation by a higher specialist; home monitoring through continuous sending of patient health data; client to practitioner online conference; or even videophone interpretation during a consult.
eHealth describes healthcare services which are supported by digital processes, communication or technology such as electronic prescribing, Telehealth, or Electronic Health Records (EHRs). The term "eHealth" originated in the 1990s, initially conceived as "Internet medicine," but has since evolved to have a broader range of technologies and innovations aimed at enhancing healthcare delivery and accessibility. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), eHealth encompasses not only internet-based healthcare services but also modern advancements such as artificial intelligence, mHealth, and telehealth, which collectively aim to improve accessibility and efficiency in healthcare delivery. Usage of the term varies widely. A study in 2005 found 51 unique definitions of eHealth, reflecting its diverse applications and interpretations. While some argue that it is interchangeable with health informatics as a broad term covering electronic/digital processes in health, others use it in the narrower sense of healthcare practice specifically facilitated by the Internet. It also includes health applications and links on mobile phones, referred to as mHealth or m-Health.. Key components of eHealth include electronic health records (EHRs), telemedicine, health information exchange, mobile health applications, wearable devices, and online health information. For example, diabetes monitoring apps allow patients to track health metrics in real time, bridging the gap between home and clinical care. These technologies enable healthcare providers, patients, and other stakeholders to access, manage, and exchange health information more effectively, leading to improved communication, decision-making, and overall healthcare outcomes.
Telepsychiatry or telemental health refers to the use of telecommunications technology to deliver psychiatric care remotely for people with mental health conditions. It is a branch of telemedicine.
Health advocacy or health activism encompasses direct service to the individual or family as well as activities that promote health and access to health care in communities and the larger public. Advocates support and promote the rights of the patient in the health care arena, help build capacity to improve community health and enhance health policy initiatives focused on available, safe and quality care. Health advocates are best suited to address the challenge of patient-centered care in our complex healthcare system. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) defines patient-centered care as: Health care that establishes a partnership among practitioners, patients, and their families to ensure that decisions respect patients' wants, needs, and preferences and that patients have the education and support they need to make decisions and participate in their own care. Patient-centered care is also one of the overreaching goals of health advocacy, in addition to safer medical systems, and greater patient involvement in healthcare delivery and design.
A member of Ascension Health, the USA’s largest not-for-profit and Catholic Healthcare System, St. Vincent Health contains 18 health ministries serving 45 counties in Indiana.
In medicine, rural health or rural medicine is the interdisciplinary study of health and health care delivery in rural environments. The concept of rural health incorporates many fields, including wilderness medicine, geography, midwifery, nursing, sociology, economics, and telehealth or telemedicine.
Home automation for the elderly and disabled focuses on making it possible for older adults and people with disabilities to remain at home, safe and comfortable. Home automation is becoming a viable option for older adults and people with disabilities who would prefer to stay in the comfort of their homes rather than move to a healthcare facility. This field uses much of the same technology and equipment as home automation for security, entertainment, and energy conservation but tailors it towards old people and people with disabilities.
Mid-level practitioners, also called non-physician practitioners, advanced practice providers, or commonly mid-levels, are health care providers who assess, diagnose, and treat patients but do not have formal education or certification as a physician. The scope of a mid-level practitioner varies greatly among countries and even among individual practitioners. Some mid-level practitioners work under the close supervision of a physician, while others function independently and have a scope of practice difficult to distinguish from a physician. The legal scope of practice for mid-level practitioners varies greatly among jurisdictions, with some having a restricted and well-defined scope, while others have a scope similar to that of a physician. Likewise, the training requirement for mid-level practitioners varies greatly between and within different certifications and licensures.
The University of New Mexico Hospital is a public teaching hospital located in Albuquerque, New Mexico, immediately north of the main campus of the University of New Mexico. The hospital is the only Level I trauma center in the state of New Mexico, and also houses the only certified burn unit and designated stroke center in the state. In addition, UNMH also contains the only children's hospital in New Mexico, and is the state's sole source of 13 pediatric sub-specialties. As a safety net hospital, UNMH serves a large percentage of the uninsured and under-insured population of the state. The hospital is the main teaching facility for the University of New Mexico School of Medicine.
Connected health is a socio-technical model for healthcare management and delivery by using technology to provide healthcare services remotely. Connected health, also known as technology enabled care (TEC) aims to maximize healthcare resources and provide increased, flexible opportunities for consumers to engage with clinicians and better self-manage their care. It uses readily available consumer technologies to deliver patient care outside of the hospital or doctor's office. Connected health encompasses programs in telehealth, remote care, and disease and lifestyle management. It often leverages existing technologies, such as connected devices using cellular networks, and is associated with efforts to improve chronic care. However, there is an increasing blur between software capabilities and healthcare needs whereby technologists are now providing the solutions to support consumer wellness and provide the connectivity between patient data, information and decisions. This calls for new techniques to guide Connected Health solutions such as "design thinking" to support software developers in clearly identifying healthcare requirements, and extend and enrich traditional software requirements gathering techniques.
A community health worker (CHW) is a member of a community who provides basic health and medical care within their community, and is capable of providing preventive, promotional and rehabilitation care to that community, typically without formal education equal to that of a nurse, CHO, or doctor. They are chosen within the community to assist a train personnel community health extension worker who is train in college or schools of health. A community health extension worker (CHEW) is a specially trained professional who provides similar preventive, curative and rehabilitative health care and services to people where they live and work. CHEW are trained for three years and they graduate with a diploma, while the JCHEW are trained for two years and graduate with a certificate. Other terms for this type of health care provider include lay health worker, village health worker, community health aide, community health promoter, and health advisor.
Virtual Hospital is an international non-government organization that operates as part of Virtual Healthcare Limited. Virtual Hospital uses telemedicine to deliver medical care to the developing world.
In 2014, the WHO ranked Nepal as the 7th in the global suicide rate. The estimated annual suicides in Nepal are 6,840 or 24.9 suicides per 100,000 people. Data on suicide in Nepal are primarily based on police reports and therefore rely on mortality statistics. However, the burden of suicide in communities is likely to be higher, particularly among women, migrant workers, and populations affected by disasters.
Sanjeev Arora, an Indian American physician, is the founder and director of Project ECHO, a global tele-mentoring nonprofit dedicated to disseminating knowledge in rural and under-resourced communities.
The United States has many regions which have been described as medical deserts, with those locations featuring inadequate access to one or more kinds of medical services. An estimated thirty million Americans, many in rural regions of the country, live at least a sixty-minute drive from a hospital with trauma care services. Regions with higher rates of Medicaid and Medicare patients, as well those who lack any health insurance coverage, are less likely to live within an hour of a hospital emergency room. Although concentrated in rural regions, health care deserts also exist in urban and suburban areas, particularly in predominantly Black communities in Chicago, Los Angeles and New York City. Racial demographic disparities in healthcare access are also present in rural areas, particularly in Native American communities which experience worse health outcomes and barriers to accessing quality medical care. Limited access to emergency room services, as well as medical specialists, leads to increases in mortality rates and long-term health problems, such as heart disease and diabetes.
Jiwan Kumar Parajuli is a Nepali entertainment journalist and author. He was born in Parbat District.
Smokers are not selfish is an health campaign taking place in Nepal with the aim of inspiring individuals to quit smoking. This event spaned two weeks, culminating on February 14, 2024, which aligns with Valentine's Day and Vasant Panchami. This initiative has captured public attention, leading to smokers making commitments to quit the habit. According to reports, more than 1700 individuals pledged to quit smoking during this campaign, which is organised by Dr. Om Foundation.
The Ministry of Health is a governmental body of Koshi Province in charge of formulation, implementation and monitoring of action plans related to the development and management of manpower related to health services, population, immigration and family planning in the Province level.
National Cardiac Center is a healthcare facility located in Kathmandu, Nepal, known for its public health initiatives.
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