Temim ibn Ziri

Abu Kamal Temim bin Ziri bin Ya'la Al-Yafrani, was the leader of the Berber Zenata tribe known as Banu Ifren from 1029 to 1035 during the Middle Ages in the Maghreb. He is the grandson of Yala Ibn Mohammed. ^[1]

Temim ibn Ziri
Emir of the Ifrenids Emir of Tlemcen
5th Emir of the Banu Ifran
Reign	1029-1035
Predecessor	Habbous
Successor	Hammad ibn Temim
Born	Abu Kamal Temim ibn Ziri ibn Yala Al-Ifreni 986 Algeria
Died	1054-55 Chellah, Morocco
Dynasty	Banu Ifran
Father	Ziri ibn Yala
Religion	Sunni Islam

Life

He is known for the construction of the Grand Mosque of Salé in 1028, which was later reconstructed by the Almohads in the 12th century. ^[2]

In 1029, Temim expedited to Tamesna ^[3] where he eradicated false Barghawata doctrines, expelled half of the population, enslaving the rest, and established his residence there ^{[4] [5]} He is also known for building the city of Salé in 1030. ^{[6] [7]}

In 1033, Temim, leading troops of the Banu Ifran, seized Fez, Morocco from under Maghrawa leader Hammama. ^{[8] [9]} Hammama was forced to flee to Oujda. ^[9] There, Temim perpetrated the 1033 Fez massacre, killing 6,000 Moroccan Jews, seizing their possessions, burning their homes, and enslaving their women. ^{[10] [11] [12] [13]} Hammama rallied his forces and reconquered Fez in 1039. ^[9] After fleeing, Temim conquered the city of Chellah, extending his control as far as Tadla. ^[14]

Death

Temim died in 1054-55 in Salé, specifically in Chellah, which he had conquered after fleeing from Hammama in 1038-39. He was succeeded by his son Hammad. ^[15]

References

1. Histoiry Of The Berbers, Ibn Khaldun, Part of the Banu Ifran.
2. ""وزارة الأوقاف و الشؤون الإسلامية"". 2014-11-29. Archived from the original on 2014-11-29. Retrieved 2023-12-30.
3. Bakrī, Abū ʻUbayd ʻAbd Allāh ibn ʻAbd al-ʻAzīz (1965). كتاب المغرب في ذكر بلاد افريقية والمغرب: وهو جزء من اجزاء الكتاب المعروف بالمسالك والممالك (in French). Librairie d'Amérique et d'Orient Adrien-Maisonneuve.
4. Journal asiatique (in French). Société asiatique. 1859.
5. Khaldûn, ʿAbd al-Raḥman b Muḥammad Ibn (1854). Histoire des Berbères et des dynasties musulmanes de l'Afrique septentrionale, tr. par le baron de Slane (in French).
6. Fage, J. D.; Oliver, Roland Anthony (1975). The Cambridge History of Africa. Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-0-521-21592-3.
7. Africa, International Scientific Committee for the drafting of a General History of (1988-12-31). General History of Africa: Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh Century. UNESCO Publishing. ISBN   978-92-3-101709-4.
8. al-Salāwī, Aḥmad ibn Khālid (1923). Kitāb el-istiqça li akhbār doual el-Maghrib el-Aqça (in French). Librairie orientaliste Paul Geuthner.
9. Khaldūn, Ibn (1856). Histoire des Berbères et des dynasties musulmanes de l'Afrique Septentrionale (in French). Imprimerie du Gouvernement.
10. al-Fāsī, ʻAlī ibn ʻAbd Allāh Ibn Abī Zarʻ; al-Gharnāṭī, Ṣāliḥ ibn ʻAbd al-Ḥalīm (1828). Historia dos soberanos mohametanos das primeiras quatro dynastias: e de parte da quinta, que reinarão na Mauritania, escripta em arabe por Abu-Mohammed Assaleh, filho de Abdel-halim, e traduzida, e annotada por fr. Jozé de Santo Antonio Moura, socio da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa (in Brazilian Portuguese). Typografia da mesma Academia.
11. Memórias de mathematica e physica (in Brazilian Portuguese). 1827.
12. Gilbert, Martin; Banks, Arthur; Bicknell, T. A. (1976). Jewish history atlas. London: Weidenfels and Nicolson. ISBN   978-0-297-77259-0.
13. Boum, Aomar; Park, Thomas K. (2016-06-02). Historical Dictionary of Morocco. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN   978-1-4422-6297-3.
14. Salāwī, Aḥmad ibn Khālid (1925). Kitāb el-istiqça li akhbār doual el-Maghrib el-Aqça (in French). Librairie orientaliste Paul Geuthner.
15. Encyclopédie moderne: dictionnaire abrégé des sciences, lettres, arts... (in French). Didot. 1857.