| Teremiski | |
|---|---|
| Village | |
 | |
  Teremiski | |
| Coordinates: 52°44′N23°46′E / 52.733°N 23.767°E | |
| Country |  |
| Voivodeship | Podlaskie |
| County | Hajnówka |
| Gmina | Białowieża |
Teremiski [tɛrɛˈmiski] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Białowieża, within Hajnówka County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Belarus. [1] It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north-west of Białowieża, 14 km (9 mi) east of Hajnówka, and 59 km (37 mi) south-east of the regional capital Białystok.
A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town, with a population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Though villages are often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighborhoods. Villages are normally permanent, with fixed dwellings; however, transient villages can occur. Further, the dwellings of a village are fairly close to one another, not scattered broadly over the landscape, as a dispersed settlement.
Gmina Białowieża is a rural gmina in Hajnówka County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus. Its seat is the village of Białowieża, which lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) east of Hajnówka and 66 km (41 mi) south-east of the regional capital Białystok.
Hajnówka County is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Podlaskie Voivodeship, north-eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Hajnówka, which lies 51 kilometres (32 mi) south-east of the regional capital Białystok. The only other town in the county is Kleszczele, lying 25 km (16 mi) south-west of Hajnówka.
The village, with less than 20 houses, one shop and a bus stop, is nevertheless the location of a summer university, one of a number of such folk institutions of learning known in Poland from before World War II. [2] It is called the Jan Józef Lipski Common University in Teremiski (Uniwersytet Powszechny w Teremiskach), founded in 2000 by Jacek Kuroń with wife Danuta. [3]
Folk high schools are institutions for adult education that generally do not grant academic degrees, though certain courses might exist leading to that goal. They are most commonly found in Nordic countries and in Germany, Switzerland and Austria. The concept originally came from the Danish writer, poet, philosopher, and pastor N. F. S. Grundtvig (1783–1872). Grundtvig was inspired by the Marquis de Condorcet's Report on the General Organization of Public Instruction which was written in 1792 during the French Revolution. The revolution had a direct influence on popular education in France. In the United States, a Danish folk school called Danebod was founded in Tyler, Minnesota.
Jan Józef Lipski was a Polish critic, literature historian, politician and freemason. As a soldier of the Home Army, he fought in the Warsaw Uprising. Editor of collected works by Jan Kasprowicz, Benedykt Chmielowski and Gabriela Zapolska.
Jacek Jan Kuroń was one of the democratic leaders of opposition in the People's Republic of Poland. He was widely known as the "godfather of the Polish opposition," not unlike Václav Havel in Czechoslovakia. Kuroń was a prominent Polish social and political figure largely responsible for theorizing the movement that broke the back of communism, an ideology he initially tried to reform. As an educator and historian, he first postulated the concept of a de-centered movement that would question the totalitarian system and its personality cult. Kuroń started out as an activist of the Polish Scouting Association trying to educate young people that would take charge of the future; he later co-founded with Antoni Macierewicz the Workers' Defence Committee or KOR, a major dissident organization that was superseded by Solidarity in August 1980. After the changes in independent Poland, he ran for president supported by the likes of Jan Karski and served twice as Minister of Labour and Social Policy. Kuroń was the father of chef Maciej Kuroń.
This unofficial cultural institution, offering summer lectures by university staff visiting from countries such as Israel, [4] is associated with the task, among others, of disseminating social knowledge and models of participation in cultural developments in places, where the continuity of the contact with culture has been broken. The facility includes Lecture Hall and a Dormitory. Lipski became its first dean, and manager of its Educational Foundation. [5]
