Terence Tunberg | |
|---|---|
 Professor of Latin | |
| Born | 1950 |
| Occupation | Latinist |
| Spouse | Jennifer Tunberg |
| Parent | Karl Tunberg |
Terence Tunberg is a professor of Latin at the University of Kentucky, specialising in Neo-Latin studies, especially the use of Ciceronian language; and the use of spoken Latin as a teaching tool. He is also Director of the university's Institute for Latin Studies. [1] His academic output is in both Latin and English.
Terence and Jennifer Tunberg, his wife, have translated a number of children's books into Latin. These include Quomodo Invidiosulus Nomine Grinchus Christi Natalem Abrogaverit: How the Grinch Stole Christmas in Latin in 1998, [2] Cattus Petasatus: The Cat in the Hat in Latin in 2000, Arbor Alma: The Giving Tree In Latin in 2002, and Green Eggs and Ham In Latin: Virent Ova! Viret Perna in 2003. [3]
They described translations of The Grinch as difficult, given the informality of the language, but attempted something that was playful but not so idiomatic as to be hard to read. [2]
He is a "proponent of Latin speaking as a means of helping with language learning and, for more advanced students, as a way to consolidate knowledge of the language." [4] He founded and convenes the annual Lexington Latin Conventiculum, the first of its kind in the USA. [4] [5]
Together with Milena Minkova, Tunberg founded an MA programme in Latin that uses the language as the medium of instruction in the University of Kentucky in 2000. Students from these programmes have gone on to found their own Living Latin events around the US, helping to build the practice. [6] While he is "convinced that using Latin for communication and active discourse with students enhances the quality of both learning and teaching", he also believes that Latin should be taught differently from living languages, not least as reading is an early goal, and does not practice 'full immersion', i.e. teaching Latin through Latin at an early stage. [7]
He was elected a fellow of the Academia Latinitati Fovendae in 1998, an institution that promotes the use of spoken Latin. [8] His own spoken Latin is of a very high standard, sometimes better than his English, [9] and he is able to "discuss absolutely any subject in Latin with clarity and eloquence". [10]
Neo-Latin is the style of written Latin used in original literary, scholarly, and scientific works, first in Italy during the Italian Renaissance of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, and then across northern Europe after about 1500, as a key feature of the humanist movement. Through comparison with Latin of the Classical period, scholars from Petrarch onwards promoted a standard of Latin closer to that of the ancient Romans, especially in grammar, style, and spelling. The term Neo-Latin was however coined much later, probably in Germany in the late 1700s, as Neulatein, spreading to French and other languages in the nineteenth century. Medieval Latin had diverged quite substantially from the classical standard and saw notable regional variation and influence from vernacular languages. Neo-Latin attempts to return to the ideal of Golden Latinity in line with the Humanist slogan ad fontes.
Classical Latin is the form of Literary Latin recognized as a literary standard by writers of the late Roman Republic and early Roman Empire. It formed parallel to Vulgar Latin around 75 BC out of Old Latin, and developed by the 3rd century AD into Late Latin. In some later periods, the former was regarded as good or proper Latin; the latter as debased, degenerate, or corrupted. The word Latin is now understood by default to mean "Classical Latin"; for example, modern Latin textbooks almost exclusively teach Classical Latin.
Poperinge is a city and municipality located in the Belgian province of West Flanders, Flemish Region, and has a history going back to medieval times. The municipality comprises the town of Poperinge proper and surrounding villages. The area is famous for its hops and lace.
Georg Fabricius was a Protestant German poet, historian and archaeologist who wrote in Latin during the German Renaissance.
Ecclesiastical Latin, also called Church Latin or Liturgical Latin, is a form of Latin developed to discuss Christian thought in Late antiquity and used in Christian liturgy, theology, and church administration to the present day, especially in the Catholic Church. It includes words from Vulgar Latin and Classical Latin re-purposed with Christian meaning. It is less stylized and rigid in form than Classical Latin, sharing vocabulary, forms, and syntax, while at the same time incorporating informal elements which had always been with the language but which were excluded by the literary authors of Classical Latin.
Late Latin is the scholarly name for the form of Literary Latin of late antiquity. English dictionary definitions of Late Latin date this period from the 3rd to the 6th centuries CE, and continuing into the 7th century in the Iberian Peninsula. This somewhat ambiguously defined version of Latin was used between the eras of Classical Latin and Medieval Latin. Scholars do not agree exactly when Classical Latin should end or Medieval Latin should begin.
Renaissance Latin is a name given to the distinctive form of Literary Latin style developed during the European Renaissance of the fourteenth to fifteenth centuries, particularly by the Renaissance humanism movement. This style of Latin is regarded as the first phase of the standardised and grammatically "Classical" Neo-Latin which continued through the 16th–19th centuries, and was used as the language of choice for authors discussing subjects considered sufficiently important to merit an international audience.
Johann Sommer was a Transylvanian Saxon Protestant theologian, poet and Despot Vodă's biographer.
Jozef A. M. K. IJsewijn was a Belgian Latinist. He studied classical philology at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, where he became a professor in 1967. An authority on Neo-Latin literature, IJsewijn has been called "the founding father of modern neo-Latin studies". In 1980, he was awarded the Francqui Prize on Human Sciences. A collection of essays in his memory was published in 2000.
Contemporary Latin is the form of the Literary Latin used since the end of the 19th century. Various kinds of contemporary Latin can be distinguished, including the use of Neo-Latin words in taxonomy and in science generally, and the fuller ecclesiastical use in the Catholic Church – but Living or Spoken Latin is the primary subject of this article.
Ciceronianus is a treatise written by Desiderius Erasmus and published in 1528. It attacks Ciceronianism, a style of scholarly Latin that closely imitated Cicero's style and voice. Many Ciceronians even refused to use specific words, even specific verb forms, if Cicero's writings did not include them verbatim. The Ciceronians validated this dogmatic approach by insisting that Cicero's style was the best style of Latin. In the 16th century, this style was popular among Renaissance humanists who wanted to recover Classical Latin. Erasmus also sought to defend medieval Latinists whose allegedly barbarous style the Ciceronians had ridiculed.
Hervé de Portzmoguer (c1470–1512), known as "Primauguet", was a Breton naval commander, renowned for his raids on the English and his death in the Battle of St. Mathieu.
Aurelio Lippo Brandolini was an Italian humanist and political theorist who briefly flourished in the court of the Hungarian king, Matthias Corvinus. He is the author of the treatise Republics and Kingdoms Compared.
Milena Minkova is a Bulgarian scholar of the Latin language. She has lived, studied and taught in Switzerland, Germany and Italy. She is now a resident of the United States and teaches Latin and Classics at the University of Kentucky in Lexington. Since the last decade of the 20th century, she has been one of the leading figures in the revival of the use of Latin among Latin scholars and teachers. She earned two Ph.Ds in Classics and Latin, one from the University of Sofia (1992) and the Pontifical Salesian University in Rome (1995).
The Leuven Vulgate or Hentenian Bible was the first standardized edition of the Latin Vulgate. The Leuven Vulgate essentially served as the standard text of the Catholic Church from its publication in 1547 until the Sixtine Vulgate was published in 1590. The 1583 edition of the Leuven Vulgate is cited in the Oxford Vulgate New Testament, where it is designated by the siglumH.
Hendrik Alfons De Vocht (1878–1962), sometimes Henry or Henri, was a pioneer in the academic study of Renaissance Latin texts from the Low Countries.
Pedro Juan Núñez was a Valencian humanist and educator active during the Spanish Golden Age. He is famous for his rhetorical treatises based on Hermogenes' rhetorical works.
Neo-Latin studies is the study of Latin and its literature from the Italian Renaissance to the present day. Neo-Latin is important for understanding early modern European culture and society, including the development of literature, science, religion and vernacular languages.
Dirk Sacré is a professor of Latin at KU Leuven. He was general editor of Supplementa Humanistica Lovaniensia, and is co-editor of Officina Neolatina and Pluteus Neolatinus. He is also on several editorial boards including of Vox Latina. He is an advisor to the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Neo-Latin Studies and was Vice-President of the Academia Latinitati Fovendae, an institute that promotes the use of Latin. He also authored the second part of the standard volume on Neo-Latin, the Companion to Neo-Latin studies, published in 1998.
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