Teresa Hayter

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Teresa Hayter (born 1940) is a British author and activist. She is the author of three books: Aid as Imperialism, The Creation of World Poverty, and Open Borders: The Case Against Immigration Controls, [1] as well as an early autobiography (penned at age 30) called Hayter of the Bourgeoisie. [2] [3]

Contents

Background and early life

Teresa Margaret Hayter was born on 2 April 1940, [4] in Shanghai, China, the daughter of William Hayter (later Sir William and a diplomat representing the United Kingdom in the Soviet Union, who became Warden of New College, Oxford University), and his wife Iris Marie Grey. [5] [6] [7] [8]

Hayter's first book (1971) was autobiographical and was entitled Hayter of the Bourgeoisie. [9] [10] [2]

Views

Political views in the 1970s

In an interview with The Sunday Times in 1972, Hayter admitted that Hayter of the Bourgeoisie had only been published because the publisher Lord Longford (of Sidgwick & Jackson) "is a mate of my father".

Views on migration controls and refugee rights

Hayter has been a vocal campaigner and activist for greater refugee rights and the loosening of migration controls in general. Her book, Open Borders: The Case Against Immigration Controls made general arguments against migration controls and also pointed specifically to the circumstances of refugees. In the book and elsewhere, she has connected her activism for migration rights with her anti-racist views. [11] [12] [13] The book is available for free online [14] and has received some reviews. [15] In addition to her books and media interviews and articles, Hayter has also made the case, in academic journals, for a world without borders. [16]

Hayter is at the helm of a campaign to close down Campsfield House, a detention centre in the United Kingdom. [17]

In March 2007, Hayter refused to share a podium with David Coleman of Migration Watch UK, and supported a petition by local free newspaper, the Oxford Star, calling on the Vice Chancellor of the University, John Hood, to "consider the suitability of Coleman's continued tenure as a Professor of the University, in light of his opinions and affiliations relating to immigration and eugenics." [18] [19]

Aid and poverty

Hayter wrote two books on the subject of the world order and its connection to poverty: Aid as Imperialism (1971) and The Creation of World Poverty. In the former, she criticized the lending policies of the World Bank while extolling the development approach of North Korea; the book was reviewed in The Spectator in 1972. [20] The latter book was reviewed by Leading Light. [21] [22]

Reception

Hayter has been interviewed by a number of blogs and websites. [11] [12] She has written a column for The Guardian [18] and has been cited and quoted in The Guardian [17] [23] and other British publications on issues related to asylum seekers and refugees.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">No Border network</span> Associations of free movement

The No Border Network refers to loose associations of autonomous organisations, groups, and individuals in Western Europe, Central Europe, Eastern Europe and beyond. They support freedom of movement and resist human migration control by coordinating international border camps, demonstrations, direct actions, and anti-deportation campaigns.

An asylum seeker is a person who leaves their country of residence, enters another country and applies for asylum in that other country. An asylum seeker is an immigrant who is making a claim to have been forcibly displaced and might have fled their home country because of war or other factors harming them or their family. If their case is accepted, they become considered a refugee. The terms asylum seeker, refugee and illegal immigrant are often confused.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Free migration</span> View that people may live in any country

Free migration or open immigration is the position that people should be able to migrate to whatever country they choose with few restrictions.

Since 1945, immigration to the United Kingdom, controlled by British immigration law and to an extent by British nationality law, has been significant, in particular from the Republic of Ireland and from the former British Empire, especially India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, the Caribbean, South Africa, Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya, and Hong Kong. Since the accession of the UK to the European Communities in the 1970s and the creation of the EU in the early 1990s, immigrants relocated from member states of the European Union, exercising one of the European Union's Four Freedoms. In 2021, since Brexit came into effect, previous EU citizenship's right to newly move to and reside in the UK on a permanent basis does not apply anymore. A smaller number have come as asylum seekers seeking protection as refugees under the United Nations 1951 Refugee Convention.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Immigration</span> Movement of people into another country or region to which they are not native

Immigration is the international movement of people to a destination country of which they are not usual residents or where they do not possess nationality in order to settle as permanent residents. Commuters, tourists, and other short-term stays in a destination country do not fall under the definition of immigration or migration; seasonal labour immigration is sometimes included, however.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Migration Watch UK</span> British think-tank and campaign group

Migration Watch UK is a British think-tank and campaign group which argues for lower immigration into the United Kingdom. Founded in 2001, the group believes that international migration places undue demand on limited resources and that the current level of immigration is not sustainable.

Opposition to immigration, also known as anti-immigration, has become a significant political ideology in many countries. In the modern sense, immigration refers to the entry of people from one state or territory into another state or territory in which they are not citizens. Illegal immigration occurs when people immigrate to a country without having official permission to do so. Opposition to immigration ranges from calls for various immigration reforms, to proposals to completely restrict immigration, to calls for repatriation of existing immigrants.

Illegal immigration is the migration of people into a country in violation of that country's immigration laws, or the continuous residence in a country without the legal right to. Illegal immigration tends to be financially upward, from poorer to richer countries. Illegal residence in another country creates the risk of detention, deportation, and/or other sanctions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Immigration to Italy</span>

In 2021, Istat estimated that 5,171,894 foreign citizens lived in Italy, representing about 8.7% of the total population. These figures do not include naturalized foreign-born residents as well as illegal immigrants, the so-called clandestini, whose numbers, difficult to determine, are thought to be at least 670,000.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Open border</span> Border that enables free movement of people between jurisdictions

An open border is a border that enables free movement of people between jurisdictions with no restrictions on movement and is lacking substantive border control. A border may be an open border due to intentional legislation allowing free movement of people across the border, or a border may be an open border due to a lack of legal controls, a lack of adequate enforcement or adequate supervision of the border. An example of the former is the Schengen Agreement between most members of the European Economic Area. An example of the latter has been the border between Bangladesh and India, which is becoming controlled. The term "open borders" applies only to the flow of people, not the flow of goods and services, and only to borders between political jurisdictions, not to mere boundaries of privately owned property.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Immigration detention in Australia</span>

The Australian government has a policy and practice of detaining in immigration detention facilities non-citizens not holding a valid visa, suspected of visa violations, illegal entry or unauthorised arrival, and those subject to deportation and removal in immigration detention until a decision is made by the immigration authorities to grant a visa and release them into the community, or to repatriate them to their country of origin/passport. Persons in immigration detention may at any time opt to voluntarily leave Australia for their country of origin, or they may be deported or given a bridging or temporary visa. In 1992, Australia adopted a mandatory detention policy obliging the government to detain all persons entering or being in the country without a valid visa, while their claim to remain in Australia is processed and security and health checks undertaken. Also, at the same time, the law was changed to permit indefinite detention, from the previous limit of 273 days. The policy was instituted by the Keating government in 1992, and was varied by the subsequent Howard, Rudd, Gillard, Abbott, Turnbull, Morrison and Albanese Governments. The policy is regarded as controversial and has been criticised by a number of organisations. In 2004, the High Court of Australia confirmed the constitutionality of indefinite mandatory detention of non-citizens. However, this interpretation was overturned in a landmark decision, NZYQ v Minister for Immigration, in 2023, with the High Court concluding the practice was unlawful and unconstitutional.

Asylum in Australia has been granted to many refugees since 1945, when half a million Europeans displaced by World War II were given asylum. Since then, there have been periodic waves of asylum seekers from South East Asia and the Middle East, with government policy and public opinion changing over the years.

Operation Sovereign Borders (OSB) is a border protection operation led by the Australian Border Force, aimed at stopping maritime arrivals of asylum seekers to Australia. The operation is the outcome of a 2013 federal election policy of the Coalition, which commenced on 18 September 2013 after the election of the Abbott government. The operation has implemented a "zero tolerance" posture towards what it has termed "Illegal Maritime Arrivals" − a change in terminology from the previous government's "Irregular Maritime Arrivals" − in Australia, in conjunction with mandatory detention in offshore detention facilities.

<i>Exodus: How Migration Is Changing Our World</i>

Exodus: How Migration is Changing Our World is a 2013 book by the development economist Paul Collier about the way migration affects migrants as well as the countries that send and receive the migrants, and the implications this has for development economics and the quest to end poverty. It was published by Oxford University Press. Collier's book focuses on the challenges posed by the nexus of immigration and multiculturalism, and also claims that brain drain is one of the main, often overlooked, drawbacks of migration. According to Colin Kidd, Collier argues that Western immigration policy has been driven not by reason, but by emotional responses to postcolonial Western guilt "while stifling consideration of wider problems of global poverty."

<i>The Ethics of Immigration</i> Book by Joseph Carens

The Ethics of Immigration is a September 2013 book by the philosopher Joseph Carens.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2015 European migrant crisis</span> 2010s migrant crisis in the European Union

During 2015, there was a period of significantly increased movement of refugees and migrants into Europe. 1.3 million people came to the continent to request asylum, the most in a single year since World War II. They were mostly Syrians, but also included significant numbers from Afghanistan, Nigeria, Pakistan, Iraq, Eritrea, and the Balkans. The increase in asylum seekers has been attributed to factors such as the escalation of various wars in the Middle East and ISIL's territorial and military dominance in the region due to the Arab Winter, as well as Lebanon, Jordan, and Egypt ceasing to accept Syrian asylum seekers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Migrant crisis</span>

Migrant crisis is the intense difficulty, trouble, or danger situation in the receiving state due to the movements of large groups of immigrants escaping from the conditions which negatively affected their situation at the country of origin (departure). The "crisis" situation is not the refugee numbers but the system's failure to respond in an orderly way to the government's legal obligations. Some notable crises are; European migrant crisis, English Channel migrant crisis and World War II evacuation and expulsion.

The Central American Minors (CAM) Refugee and Parole Program is a U.S. refugee and parole program established in November 2014 by the Obama administration. It is a refugee protection and family reunification pathway on which several thousand families rely and for which tens of thousands more families are technically eligible. The CAM Program was designed to permit certain children and other eligible family members to escape life-threatening danger and other humanitarian crises and to reunite with parents or relatives in the United States. This program provides certain qualified parents and legal guardians to apply for their children and other eligible family members, who are nationals of and physically present in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras, to come to the United States as refugees or parolees. The CAM Program has been operational from 2014 to 2017-18 when it was terminated over a series of actions; and from 2021 to the present, when it was restarted in two phases, first for some previously closed cases and then for new applications. To date, most CAM Program beneficiaries have been Salvadoran families of Temporary Protected Status (TPS) holders, making up 86 percent of applicants from the 2014–2017. Since the Biden administration restarted the CAM Program for new applications, the CAM Program has had expanded eligibility criteria, including parents and guardians with pending asylum applications or U visa petitions, which should enable many more Guatemalans and Hondurans to apply.

The migration and asylum policy of the European Union is within the area of freedom, security and justice, established to develop and harmonise principles and measures used by member countries of the European Union to regulate migration processes and to manage issues concerning asylum and refugee status in the European Union.

Pushback is a term that refers to "a set of state measures by which refugees and migrants are forced back over a border – generally immediately after they crossed it – without consideration of their individual circumstances and without any possibility to apply for asylum". Pushbacks violate the prohibition of collective expulsion of asylum seekers in Protocol 4 of the European Convention on Human Rights and often violate the international law prohibition on non-refoulement.

References

  1. ↑ "Teresa Hayter". Pluto Press, MacMillan. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  2. 1 2 "Book Review: 'Hayter of the Bourgeoisie' | The Socialist Party of Great Britain". www.worldsocialism.org. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
  3. ↑ "Hayter of the Bourgeoisie". Goodreads. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
  4. ↑ "Person Page". www.thepeerage.com. Retrieved 1 March 2017.
  5. ↑ "OBITUARIES Sir William Hayter". Independent.co.uk . 30 March 1995. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  6. ↑ "OBITUARIES Sir William Hayter". The Independent. 30 March 1995. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
  7. ↑ Paton, Maureen (13 December 2007). "Fiona MacCarthy: The rebel deb with a kick in her curtsey". The Telegraph . Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  8. ↑ O'Donovan, Gerard (14 December 2007). "Last night on television: Last Party at the Palace (Channel 4) - Timeshift: A Game of Two Eras (BBC4)". The Telegraph . Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  9. ↑ Paton, Maureen. "Fiona MacCarthy: The rebel deb with a kick in her curtsey". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
  10. ↑ Hayter, Teresa (27 January 1972). Hayter of the Bourgeoisie. London: Sidgwick & Jackson Ltd. ISBN   9780283978005.
  11. 1 2 Cleave, Chris (11 March 2008). "Refugees Don't Eat Swans – an interview with Teresa Hayter" . Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  12. 1 2 "Teresa Hayter: Interview". spectrezine. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  13. ↑ Hayter, Teresa (1 October 2002). "The new common sense. Immigration controls are unsustainable. Let's junk them". The New Internationalist . Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  14. ↑ "Open Borders: The case against immigration controls". libcom. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  15. ↑ McLoughlin, Conor. "Open Borders: The case against immigration controls - review". libcom. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  16. ↑ Hayter, Teresa (2003). "No borders: the case against immigration controls". Feminist Review . 73: 6–18. doi:10.1057/palgrave.fr.9400071.
  17. 1 2 "'Outdated' detention centre to close". The Guardian . 7 February 2002. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  18. 1 2 Hayter, Teresa (16 March 2007). "Watching David Coleman. The co-founder of Migration Watch wishes to persuade us he is the victim of a smear campaign. But what about his views on eugenics?". The Guardian . Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  19. ↑ Paton, Graeme (2 March 2007). "Students try to oust MigrationWatch don". The Telegraph . Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  20. ↑ Hudson, Christopher (29 January 1972). "Two Cheers for Revolution". The Spectator . Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  21. ↑ Leading Light (8 June 2011). "Book Review Part 1 of 2 of Teresa Hayter's The Creation of World Poverty" . Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  22. ↑ Leading Light (8 June 2011). "Book Review Part 2 of 2 of Teresa Hayter's The Creation of World Poverty" . Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  23. ↑ Gupta, Rahila (15 June 2009). "Bringing migrants into the light. As Refugee Week begins, I welcome support for regularising migrants without papers, but an amnesty must not create hurdles". The Guardian . Retrieved 29 May 2014.
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