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Vanuatu,officially the Republic of Vanuatu,is an island country in Melanesia,located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago,which is of volcanic origin,is 1,750 km (1,090 mi) east of northern Australia,540 km (340 mi) northeast of New Caledonia,east of New Guinea,southeast of Solomon Islands,and west of Fiji.
The history of Vanuatu spans over 3,200 years.
The politics of Vanuatu take place within the framework of a constitutional democracy. The constitution provides for a representative parliamentary system. The head of the Republic is an elected President. The Prime Minister of Vanuatu is the head of government.
Port Vila,or simply Vila,is the capital and largest city of Vanuatu. It is located on the island of Efate.
New Hebrides,officially the New Hebrides Condominium and named after the Hebrides Scottish archipelago,was the colonial name for the island group in the South Pacific Ocean that is now Vanuatu. Native people had inhabited the islands for three thousand years before the first Europeans arrived in 1606 from a Spanish expedition led by Portuguese navigator Pedro Fernandes de Queirós. The islands were named by Captain James Cook in 1774 and subsequently colonised by both the British and the French.
Walter Hadye Lin̄i was a Raga Anglican priest and politician who was the first Prime Minister of Vanuatu,from independence in 1980 to 1991. He was born at Agatoa village,Pentecost Island. On his mother's side,he was a descendant of the high chief Virasangvulu,while on his father's side,he was descended from the famous weaver,Nuenue,as well as from the high chief Viralalau.
Ni-Vanuatu is a large group of closely related Melanesian ethnic groups native to the island country of Vanuatu. As such,Ni-Vanuatu are a mixed ethnolinguistic group with a shared ethnogenesis that speak a multitude of languages.
Rugby union in Vanuatu,formerly known as the New Hebrides,is a popular sport. Vanuatu is a tier three rugby union playing nation. They began playing international rugby union in 1966 and have yet to make the Rugby World Cup.
Nagriamel is a political party in Vanuatu.
Iririki is a privately leased island,located in Mele Bay,near Port Vila,the Capital of Vanuatu. The island is owned and operated by Australian businessmen Shane Pettiona,Darren Pettiona,and Peter Stockley.
Franceville was a municipality located on Efate,or Sandwich Island. It was established in 1889 in order to gain basic legal status,during the period when the New Hebrides was a neutral territory under the loose jurisdiction of the Anglo-French Joint Naval Commission.
The French Republic and the Republic of Vanuatu have long-standing bilateral relations which have varied over the years between tense and amicable. Vanuatu,then known as the New Hebrides,was a Franco-British condominium from 1906 to 1980,and maintained formal relations with both of its former colonial masters after gaining independence. Franco–Vanuatuan relations were rocked by a series of crises in the 1980s,and broke down completely on several occasions,with Vanuatu expelling the French ambassador in 1981,in 1984 and in 1987. Relations improved from the 1990s onwards and,today,France provides development aid to Vanuatu. The two countries also share amicable economic and cultural relations;both are members of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie.
General elections were held for the first time in the New Hebrides on 10 November 1975. The result was a victory for the New Hebrides National Party,which won 17 seats in the new Representative Assembly.
Elections to the Chamber of Commerce,Industry and Agriculture were held in the New Hebrides in 1963. Thy were the first elections in the territory's history.
General elections were held in the New Hebrides in July and August 1969 to elect fourteen members of the thirty members of the Advisory Council.
Alexis Yolou was a New Hebridean politician. He was elected to the Representative Assembly in 1979 from the Tanna constituency,but was killed the following year as part of the civil strife on Tanna that resulted from the landslide victory of the Vanua'aku Pati.
Michael Ala was a Vanuatuan medical practitioner,clergyman and politician. He served as a member of the Advisory Council from 1964 to 1975.
Mary Laufa Gilu is a Vanuatuan former politician. She and Tessa Fowler were the first women elected to the New Hebrides Representative Assembly,serving from 1975 to 1977.
Fanaura Kimiora Kingstone QSO is a Cook Islands former politician and Cabinet Minister. In 1983 she became the second woman elected to the Parliament of the Cook Islands,and the first appointed to Cabinet.
Ni-Vanuatu nationality law is regulated by the 1980 Constitution of Vanuatu,as amended;the 1980 Citizenship Act,and its revisions;and various international agreements to which the country is a signatory. These laws determine who is,or is eligible to be,a national of Vanuatu. Ni-Vanuatu nationality is typically obtained under the principle of jus sanguinis,i.e. by birth in Vanuatu or abroad to parents with ni-Vanuatu nationality. It can be granted to persons with an affiliation to the country,or to a permanent resident who has lived in the country for a given period of time through naturalisation. Vanuatu has had several programs that grant honorary citizenship by investment. Nationality establishes one's international legal identity as a member of a sovereign nation. Though it is not synonymous with citizenship,for rights granted under domestic law for domestic purposes,the United Kingdom,and thus the commonwealth,have traditionally used the words interchangeably.
References
- ↑ Vanuatu - Tessa Fowler - Artifacts National Library
- 1 2 3 4 5 The sweet life of the Islands The Age, 20 February 1968
- 1 2 Hugo DeBlock (2018) Artifak: Cultural Revival, Tourism, and the Recrafting of History in Vanuatu p7
- ↑ New Hebrides gets a political voice Pacific Islands Monthly, October 1971, p45
- 1 2 Zorian Stech (2017) Une confrontation comme nulle autre dans le Pacifique: la France, la Grande-Bretagne et la vie politique au condominium franco-britannique des Nouvelles-Hébrides (1945-1980)