The Black Douglas is a historical fantasy novel by the Scottish author Samuel Rutherford Crockett published in 1899. It features the historical figures William Douglas, 6th Earl of Douglas (the "Black Douglas"), and Gilles de Retz ("Bluebeard"), though in reality they never met. It is set in Scotland and France in the fifteenth century and blends history with supernatural elements. The novel is cited as an influence for J.R.R. Tolkien's The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings .
The young Earl William of Douglas stops by Malise McKim's smithy to get his horse shod. Malise's sons, Sholto and Laurence, are also there. Earl William rides on into the evening and meets a beautiful young woman. She leads him to a pavilion in the forest. She says she is part of a French delegation and suggests that he accompanies her to Edinburgh, which he rejects. The seduction is interrupted by Malise and the Abbot of Dulce Cor who insist the woman is a witch. Earl William is dragged away against his will.
Earl William holds a wapenshaw at Threave Castle, the Douglas stronghold. Laurence pleases the Abbott with his singing and joins the Abbey. Sholto becomes Captain of the Guard. He is in love with Maud, the companion of Margaret Douglas, Fair Maid of Galloway, Earl William's younger sister. A French delegation led by Gilles de Retz arrives. In the delegation is the mysterious woman, who Earl William learns is named Lady Sybilla. In the night, a wolf-like creature invades the chamber of Margaret and Maud. Sholto wounds it as it escapes. On the third day, they hold a melee. De Retz moves to target Earl William, but Sholto steps in to defend him. The Frenchman is knocked unconscious. His armour is stripped off, revealing he has a wound similar to that given to the wolf-like creature. Sholto is knighted.
A week or two later, De Retz, Sir Alexander Livingston, Lord Chancellor William Crichton, and James, Earl of Avondale hold a council in Stirling Castle. They all agree on the need to get rid of Earl William, who is too powerful. Lady Sybilla is revealed as the secret weapon who will lure him to Edinburgh. Earl William receives letters from Crichton and Lady Sybilla, convincing him, against the advice of others, to go to Crichton Castle. His younger brother David, Sholto, and some men-at-arms accompany him. Earl William and Lady Sybilla spend a lot of time together alone. She warns him to leave, he refuses, and she declares her love for him. The next morning, he finds De Retz and Lady Sybilla have left for Edinburgh. He receives a message from Lady Sybilla, telling him not to follow her and to forget her. Though Sholto argues against him, he decides to follow her to Edinburgh.
Earl William is welcomed to a banquet with the young King James in Edinburgh Castle. He is served with the head of a black bull, the symbol of death. (This was a real historical event known as the Black Dinner.) Earl William is accused of treason, over the protests of the king. He, David, and Sholto are imprisoned. In the night, Malise, Laurence, and others try to rescue them, but the Earl refuses to leave the Lady Sybilla, and David refuses to leave him. The Earl orders Sholto to escape and raise the troops. The next morning, Earl William is put on trial. Under questioning by De Retz, Lady Sybilla admits that she had persuaded Earl William to come to Edinburgh to his death. Regardless, Earl William declares his love for her. He and David are beheaded.
Sholto and the others raise the Clan Douglas, who march against Edinburgh. He meets Lady Sybilla, pale with grief. She tells him to watch out for Maud and Magaret. When he returns to Threave, they have disappeared. Malise, Sholto, Laurence, and James of Douglas, Earl William's cousin, go to France, convinced that De Retz has kidnapped Maud and Margaret. They capture a ruffian, who happens to be in the service of De Retz. Without telling the others, Laurence frees him and joins the service of De Retz.
The others head to De Retz's Castle of Machecoul. They stay at the home of an old man, who warns them of his wife, La Meffraye. In the night, the old man is killed by a wolf. They escape and fight off a pack of werewolves. Meanwhile, inside the castle, Laurence discovers an iron altar on which De Retz conducts Satanic sacrifices of children. La Meffraye is one of his servants. Lady Sybilla finds the others in the forest and gives them a list of children killed by De Retz. She also reveals she has second sight. They rouse the peasants and convince the Duke of Brittany to lead his army against the castle. They rescue Margaret and Maud. The soldiers arrest De Retz, who is tried and executed. Maud and Sholto agree to get married.
Crockett published a sequel, Maid Margaret, following the life of Margaret Douglas, in 1905. [1]
Crockett was a best-selling novelist in his day, and The Black Douglas was one of his most famous books. [2]
The fantasy author J.R.R. Tolkien wrote of being impressed as a boy by The Black Douglas. He said he based the battle with the wargs in The Lord of the Rings on Crockett's battle with werewolves. [3] However Tolkien said that he hadn't read the novel as an adult. [4] Scholar Douglas A. Anderson has drawn parallels with the attack of the wargs in The Hobbit. In addition, in his opinion, the ending of the chapter "The Battle of the Werewolves" in The Black Douglas is similar to the end of "The Siege of Gondor" in The Lord of the Rings. [5] Jared Lobdell has suggested The Black Douglas's overall style and imagery had an influence on Tolkien, and that De Retz inspired Tolkien's character, Sauron. [6] Sholto's secret mail-coat may have inspired Frodo's mithril coat. [7]
In the philologist and fantasy author J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth fiction, a warg is a particularly large and evil kind of wolf that could be ridden by orcs. He derived the name and characteristics of his wargs by combining meanings and myths from Old Norse and Old English. In Norse mythology, a vargr is a wolf, especially the wolf Fenrir that destroyed the god Odin in the battle of Ragnarök, and the wolves Sköll and Hati, Fenrir's children, who perpetually chase the Sun and Moon. In Old English, a wearh is an outcast who may be strangled to death.
James II was King of Scots from 1437 until his death in 1460. The eldest surviving son of James I of Scotland, he succeeded to the Scottish throne at the age of six, following the assassination of his father. The first Scottish monarch not to be crowned at Scone, James II's coronation took place at Holyrood Abbey in March 1437. After a reign characterised by struggles to maintain control of his kingdom, he was killed by an exploding cannon at Roxburgh Castle in 1460.
This page is concerned with the holders of the forfeit title Earl of Douglas and the preceding feudal barons of Douglas, South Lanarkshire. The title was created in the Peerage of Scotland in 1358 for William Douglas, 1st Earl of Douglas, son of Sir Archibald Douglas, Guardian of Scotland. The Earldom was forfeited by James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas, in 1455.
William Douglas, 6th Earl of Morton was the son of Robert Douglas of Lochleven and Margaret Erskine, a former mistress of James V of Scotland.
Gille Brigte of Strathearn (1150–1223), sometimes also called Gilbert, was the 3rd Earl or Mormaer of Strathearn.
Máel Ísu or Malise II is the fifth known mormaer, or earl, of the Scottish region of Strathearn. He was the son of Robert, 4th Earl of Strathearn.
Hugh [probably Gaelic: Aodh], was the third successor of Ferchar mac in tSagairt as Mormaer of Ross (1323–1333).
Clan Douglas is an ancient clan or noble house from the Scottish Lowlands.
Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Douglas was a Scottish nobleman and general during the Hundred Years' War.
William, 6th Earl of Douglas was a Scottish nobleman. In addition to his Earldom of Douglas, he was Earl of Wigtown, Lord of Galloway, Lord of Bothwell, Selkirk and Ettrick Forest, Eskdale, Lauderdale, and Annandale in Scotland, and de jure Duke of Touraine, Count of Longueville, and Lord of Dun-le-roi in France. He was the eldest son of Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Douglas and Lady Eupheme Graham.
Crichton Castle is a ruined castle near the village of Crichton in Midlothian, Scotland. It is situated at the head of the River Tyne, 2 miles (3.2 km) south of the village of Pathhead, and the same distance east of Gorebridge.
Clan Crichton is a Lowland Scottish clan that historically ruled Dumfries.
Douglas Allen Anderson is an American writer and editor on the subjects of fantasy and medieval literature, specializing in textual analysis of the works of J. R. R. Tolkien. He is a winner of the Mythopoeic Award for scholarship.
William Crichton, 1st Lord Crichton was an important political figure in the late medieval Kingdom of Scotland.
Alexander of Menteith, a Scottish nobleman and member of the Stewart family, he was the Earl of Menteith.
William Douglas, 1st Marquess of Douglas and 11th Earl of Angus (1589–1660) was a Scottish nobleman.
Agnes Leslie, Countess of Morton was a Scottish noblewoman, being the daughter of George Leslie, 4th Earl of Rothes as well as a great-granddaughter of King James II. She was the wife of William Douglas, 6th Earl of Morton, who as Laird of Lochleven Castle was the custodian of Mary, Queen of Scots during her captivity from June 1567 until her escape on 2 May 1568. Agnes was Queen Mary's chief female companion throughout her imprisonment; thus it was while Lady Agnes was recovering from childbirth that the queen successfully escaped from Lochleven.
Agnes Douglas, Countess of Argyll was a Scottish noblewoman and the first wife of Archibald Campbell, 7th Earl of Argyll. She was the mother of three of his children, including his heir, Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll, the de facto head of the government in Scotland throughout most of the conflict known as the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. Lady Agnes was considered so beautiful that she was described as a "pearl of Lochleven".
Margaret Stewart was the younger daughter of James II of Scotland and Mary of Guelders. Once engaged to the Lancastrian Prince of Wales, Margaret instead became the mistress of William Crichton, 3rd Lord Crichton, and the mother of his illegitimate daughter, Margaret Crichton, later Countess of Rothes, and possibly his son, Sir James Crichton, progenitor of the Viscounts of Frendraught. Margaret and Lord Crichton may have been married later, after the death of Crichton's wife.
J. R. R. Tolkien derived the characters, stories, places, and languages of Middle-earth from many sources. Among these are several modern works of fiction. These include adventure stories from Tolkien's childhood, such as books by John Buchan and H. Rider Haggard, especially the 1887 She: A History of Adventure. Tolkien stated that he used the fight with werewolves in Samuel Rutherford Crockett's 1899 historical fantasy The Black Douglas for his battle with wargs.
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