| Gore Roll Armorial | |
|---|---|
| New England Historic Genealogical Society | |
| Type | Armorial |
| Date | 1750s |
| Place of origin | Boston, Massachusetts, Colonial America |
| Language(s) | English |
| Author(s) | John Gore |
| Material | Parchment and paper |
| Script | Littera cursiva |
| Contents | Two series:
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| Illumination(s) | 84 hand-colored coats of arms |
The Gore Roll of Arms is the earliest American roll of arms. Created by Boston coach painter and heraldist John Gore chiefly in the 1750s, [1] the Gore Roll contains 99 coats of arms of colonial Americans, many of whom are considered Boston Brahmin. Many of the arms might have been sourced by Gore from the Promptuarium Armorum while some of the English coats may have been sourced from the Chute Pedigree. [2] The roll is held in the Harold Bowditch Collection of the New England Historic Genealogical Society in Boston, Massachusetts.
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The emblazonments of the arms begin on the third page and continue for the next twenty-five pages. Of the 99 coats included in the Gore Roll are the arms of early notable Americans like Anna Richards née Winthrop, Isaac Addington, Samuel White, John Legg, and William Hutchinson.
The roll is divided into two sections:
Most pages have four coats per page, while the final page has only three.
A coat of arms is a heraldic visual design on an escutcheon, surcoat, or tabard. The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central element of the full heraldic achievement, which in its whole consists of a shield, supporters, a crest, and a motto. A coat of arms is traditionally unique to the armiger. The term "coat of arms" itself, describing in modern times just the heraldic design, originates from the description of the entire medieval chainmail "surcoat" garment used in combat or preparation for the latter.
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An abatement is a modification of a coat of arms, representing a less-than honorable augmentation, imposed by an heraldic authority or by royal decree for misconduct. The practice of inverting the entire escutcheon of an armiger found guilty of high treason has been attested since the Middle Ages and is generally accepted as reliable, and medieval heraldic sources cite at least one instance of removing an honourable charge from a coat of arms by royal decree as an abatement of honour. Other abatements of honour implied by the addition of dishonourable stains and charges, appearing in late 16th-century texts, have never been reliably attested in actual practice. Additionally, as many heraldic writers note, the use of arms is not compulsory, so armigers are more likely to relinquish a dishonored coat of arms than to advertise their dishonor.
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The eagle is used in heraldry as a charge, as a supporter, and as a crest. Heraldic eagles can be found throughout world history like in the Achaemenid Empire or in the present Republic of Indonesia. The European post-classical symbolism of the heraldic eagle is connected with the Roman Empire on one hand, and with Saint John the Evangelist on the other.
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The Committee on Heraldry of the New England Historic Genealogical Society, established in 1864, is the world's oldest non-governmental body primarily concerned with heraldry.
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In heraldry and heraldic vexillology, a blazon is a formal description of a coat of arms, flag or similar emblem, from which the reader can reconstruct the appropriate image. The verb to blazon means to create such a description. The visual depiction of a coat of arms or flag has traditionally had considerable latitude in design, but a verbal blazon specifies the essentially distinctive elements. A coat of arms or flag is therefore primarily defined not by a picture but rather by the wording of its blazon. Blazon is also the specialized language in which a blazon is written, and, as a verb, the act of writing such a description. Blazonry is the art, craft or practice of creating a blazon. The language employed in blazonry has its own vocabulary, grammar and syntax, which becomes essential for comprehension when blazoning a complex coat of arms.
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