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William Cobbett was an English pamphleteer, journalist, politician and farmer born in Farnham, Surrey, one of a popular agrarian faction seeking to reform Parliament, abolish "rotten boroughs", restrain foreign activity and raise wages, to bring peace and ease poverty among farm labourers and smallholders. He backed lower taxes, saving, reversing commons enclosures and resisting the 1821 gold standard. He sought an end to borough-mongers, sinecurists and bureaucratic "tax-eaters" and stockbrokers, and to Jews in Britain, whom he typecast in a similar way. Early in life he was a soldier and devotee of king and country, but his later radicalism furthered the Reform Act 1832 and gained him one of two newly-created seats in Parliament for the borough of Oldham. He urged Catholic emancipation. He saw British agriculture and other economic output geographically. His polemics range from political reform to religion. His best known book is Rural Rides. He argued against Malthusianism, saying economic betterment could support global population growth.
Truck wages are wages paid not in conventional money but instead in the form of payment in kind ; credit with retailers; or a money substitute, such as scrip, chits, vouchers or tokens. Truck wages are a characteristic of a truck system.
The Swing Riots were a widespread uprising in 1830 by agricultural workers in southern and eastern England, in protest at agricultural mechanisation and harsh working conditions. It began with the destruction of threshing machines in the Elham Valley area of East Kent in the summer of 1830, and by early December had spread through the whole of southern England and East Anglia.
East Woodhay is a village and civil parish in Hampshire, England. The village is approximately 5.5 miles (9 km) south-west of Newbury in Berkshire. At the 2011 census the parish had a population of 2,914.
Brimpton is a mostly rural village and civil parish in West Berkshire, England. The village occupies a few square miles of land between the Kennet and Avon Canal, a long tributary the River Enborne which is used as part of the Hampshire boundary and the winding slopes of an escarpment in the far south-east. Beyond the Enborne which is almost contiguous with the larger settlement of Baughurst which is part of Tadley. This field contains five round barrows from the period of the Heptarchy in Anglo Saxon England. Brimpton is centred 4.5 miles (7.2 km) of the town of Newbury. It is in the county of Berkshire and no railways or dual carriageways bisect the area.
Burghclere is a village and civil parish in Hampshire, England. According to the 2011 census the village had a population of 1,152. The village is near the border of Hampshire with Berkshire, four miles south of Newbury. It is also very close to Newtown and Old Burghclere.
Rural Rides is the book for which the English journalist, agriculturist and political reformer William Cobbett is best known.
Hurstbourne Tarrant is a village and civil parish in Hampshire, England. It lies to the north of the county in the Test Valley. The Tarrant part of the name originates from 1226, when the village was given to the Cistercian Tarrant nunnery. The civil parish includes the village of Ibthorpe.
Camelford was a rotten borough in Cornwall which returned two Members of Parliament to the House of Commons in the English and later British Parliament from 1552 to 1832, when it was abolished by the Great Reform Act.
Stratton Park, in East Stratton, Hampshire, was an English country house, built on the site of a grange of Hyde Abbey after the dissolution of the monasteries; it was purchased with the manor of Micheldever in 1546 by Thomas Wriothesley, 1st Earl of Southampton. The last earl of Southampton made Stratton Park one of his chief seats, and his son-in-law, Sir William Russell, pulled down part of the hamlet and added it to his deer park in the 1660s. The Russell heirs eventually sold the estate in 1801 to Sir Francis Baring, Bt, of the Baring banking family. Baring remodeled the manor house in a neoclassical style, to designs by George Dance the Younger, 1803–06,' including an imposing stone Doric-columned portico and stuccoed brick main block and wings. The pleasure grounds and landscape park were laid out and planted, starting ca 1803 by Humphry Repton, and described by William Cobbett, in Rural Rides: in the counties of Surrey, Kent, Sussex, Hants, when Stratton Park held the living of Micheldever and included Micheldever Wood, which Cobbett said "contains a thousand acres [4 km²], and which is one of the finest oak-woods in England." In the late nineteenth century Thomas Baring, 1st Earl of Northbrook laid out more formally structured gardens, with hardy plantings by Gertrude Jekyll. The park has been Grade II listed since 1984.
The Cobbett's Weekly Political Register, commonly known as the Political Register, was a weekly London-based newspaper founded by William Cobbett in 1802. It ceased publication in 1836, the year after Cobbett's death.
Redneck is a derogatory term chiefly, but not exclusively, applied to white Americans perceived to be crass and unsophisticated, closely associated with rural whites of the Southern United States. Its meaning possibly stems from the sunburn found on farmers' necks dating back to the late 19th century. Its modern usage is similar in meaning to cracker, hillbilly, and white trash. In Britain, the Cambridge Dictionary definition states: "A poor, white person without education, esp. one living in the countryside in the southern US, who is believed to have prejudiced ideas and beliefs. This word is usually considered offensive." People from the white South sometimes jocularly call themselves "rednecks" as insider humor.
The Devil's Jumps are a series of three small hills near the village of Churt in the county of Surrey in southern England. In the 18th century, the hills were known as the Devil's Three Jumps. The Devil's Jumps are linked to a body of folklore relating to the surrounding area. The highest of the three Jumps, lying to the west, is High Jump with an elevation of 413 feet (126 m). Middle Devil's Jump has an elevation of 328 feet (100 m) and once supported an observatory built by 19th century British astronomer Richard Christopher Carrington. Stony Jump, the easternmost of the jumps, has an elevation of 394 feet (120 m).
Owslebury Bottom is a hamlet in the civil parish of Owslebury in the City of Winchester district of Hampshire, England. Its nearest town is Winchester, which lies approximately 4.2 miles (7 km) north-west from the village. William Cobbett rode through the hamlet in his 1820s book Rural Rides. He described it as "half a dozen timbered houses in the ownership of Lord Mildmay, a small church of recent construction, and a tract of good soil used to cultivate wheat, being of good quality, of which the majority is milled at the City Mill in Winchester".
Copenhagenization is an expression which was coined in the early nineteenth century, and has seen occasional use since. The expression refers to a decisive blow delivered to a potential opponent while being at peace with that nation. It originated from the Royal Navy's bombardment of Copenhagen in 1807, during the Napoleonic Wars. The term is not recorded in either the Merriam-Webster or the Oxford English dictionaries.
At 249 metres (817 ft), Wheatham Hill is one of the highest hills in the county of Hampshire, England. It is part of the North Hampshire Downs.
John Morgan Cobbett was a Conservative Party and Liberal Party politician.
Osman Ricardo was a British Liberal and Whig politician.
References
- ↑ Cobbett, William (November 2005) [First published 1830]. Rural Rides - Volume 1. Cosimo Classics. p. 43. ISBN 1-59605-577-4.
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