The Indian Bean Tree, St James Square, Monmouth

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The Indian Bean Tree
Monmouth War Memorial - geograph.org.uk - 2099135.jpg
Indian Bean Tree in St James Square, behind the Monmouth War Memorial, September 2010
The Indian Bean Tree, St James Square, Monmouth
Alternative names Catalpa bignonioides
General information
Address St James Square
Town or city Monmouth
Country Wales
Coordinates 51°48′47″N2°42′40″W / 51.813034°N 2.711059°W / 51.813034; -2.711059 Coordinates: 51°48′47″N2°42′40″W / 51.813034°N 2.711059°W / 51.813034; -2.711059

St James Square in Monmouth, Monmouthshire, Wales is the site of a historic Indian Bean Tree. The Catalpa bignonioides , a native of the southeastern United States, was planted in the square in about 1900. It was joined by the Monmouth War Memorial in 1921. After more than one hundred years of presiding over the square, the tree became the focus of controversy when it was condemned by the Monmouthshire County Council in 2005. The decision was met with fierce community opposition. The parties involved resolved their differences in 2006, and the tree received treatment, albeit some of it unauthorized. By 2011, the Indian Bean Tree in St James Square was flourishing.

Contents

Twentieth-century history

"There are some lovely spots in the town centre, none prettier than St James's Square, with its old war memorial in the shadow of a romantic-looking tree." The tree mentioned in The Telegraph of 25 February 2006 was a reference to the Indian Bean Tree (pictured) that was planted in St James Square in Monmouth about 1900. [1] [2] [3] [4] Properly known as Catalpa bignonioides , it is a native of the southeastern United States. [5] At the time of the unveiling of the Monmouth War Memorial (pictured) in 1921, the Catalpa was already a mature tree. [4] [6] In 1946, a rod was installed to support the main limbs of the tree. [7] The Indian Bean Tree is considered by the Monmouth Action Group to be "one of the best examples of the species in Britain." [2] [8] It is thought to be one of the oldest and largest specimens in the United Kingdom. [9] The Indian Bean Tree is positioned behind the war memorial and surrounded by lawn, with an adjacent formal planting of flowers. The cenotaph, tree, lawn, and garden are enclosed by railings. [4] [10] [11]

Controversy

Metal supports were placed under some large branches of the Indian Bean Tree c. 2006. Indian Bean Tree, St James' Square, Monmouth.jpg
Metal supports were placed under some large branches of the Indian Bean Tree c. 2006.

The Indian Bean Tree's poor health was brought to the attention of the Monmouthshire County Council in summer 2005 by one of the judges of the Wales in Bloom competition. The tree was subsequently condemned by the council. [7] A spokesperson for the council indicated that the reason for taking down the tree was to avoid the possibility of litigation. The council was concerned that portions of the tree could fall and result in damage to people or property. In response, the Monmouth Town Council, Monmouth Archaeological Society, and Monmouth Action Group collaborated and hired an arboriculturalist, Roy Finch, [2] [8] [12] to investigate the condition of the Catalpa. The tree surgeon indicated that the Catalpa was “an outstanding part of our tree heritage and worthy of the effort and expense involved in its management.” He recommended treatment of the Indian Bean Tree to reduce the associated risks and to extend the life of the tree. [2] [3] [4]

The county council requested a second analysis by a different professional, Steve Ambler. [12] That report, before November 2005, also concluded that the Catalpa could be made safe; however, the second evaluation suggested that the tree would probably die within a few years, even if treatment was undertaken. [2] [4] [8] A revised report from Roy Finch of Malvern failed to dissuade the county council from their plan to condemn the Catalpa. Rather, it was reported in November 2005 that the council had solicited bids to fell the tree in St James Square in the face of intense opposition from the community. [7] The Monmouthshire County Council continued to state that the tree was dangerous, in part due to its proximity to a school. The decision of the council was that the tree should be felled, and replaced with a new Catalpa. [2] [8]

Archaeologist Stephen Clarke, chairman of the Monmouth Action Group, suggested that there was a conflict of interest with regard to the actions of the Monmouthshire County Council. He indicated that council members were "the guardians of the conservation area and so they just give themselves permission. The locals can do very little about it." [2] [3] Clarke recommended that residents continue to fight to maintain their local heritage. However, as an example of the difficulties inherent in saving Monmouth's heritage, the archaeologist mentioned that the town formerly had "one of the most beautiful urban parks in the country, Drybridge Park, where every tree that would grow in Britain used to be planted but they've nearly all been chopped down." [2] [3] Clarke stated that, in a survey conducted by British Archaeology, "Monmouth was once classified as one of Britain's top 10 historical towns." [2] [3] The BBC News reported on 30 December 2011 that Monmouth had at one point been rated by the Council for British Archaeology as the seventh best town (for archaeological purposes) in Britain. [13]

Progress to resolution

Indian Bean Tree with supporting rods, behind Monmouth War Memorial, Nov 2007 War Memorial, St. James' Square, Monmouth - geograph.org.uk - 618242.jpg
Indian Bean Tree with supporting rods, behind Monmouth War Memorial, Nov 2007

On 9 January 2006, Stephen Clarke made a presentation to the Monmouth Town Council. He submitted a new evaluation of the Catalpa by Jerry Ross, a third expert. Ross was of the opinion that, while the tree was in poor health, it was "far from dying." [12] Clarke reminded council members that this was the third expert that had been hired, the first commissioned by the groups that he represented, Roy Finch, and the second commissioned by Monmouthshire County Council, Steve Ambler. Clarke indicated to the town council that members of the county council had dismissed the most recent evaluation performed by the third professional. [12] The archaeologist also advised the town council that he and the chief executive of the county council were at odds with regard to the terminology used to describe the health of the tree, as well as the quantity of correspondence that had been received in support of the Catalpa. Clarke suggested that another evaluation be commissioned. As the county council was still intent on felling the Indian Bean Tree, Clarke had asked lawyers to seek a judicial review. Fundraising efforts included the sale of images of the Catalpa. [12]

In February 2006, it was reported that the Monmouth Archaeology Group and Monmouth Action Group had arranged for another (fourth) expert to investigate the health of the Indian Bean Tree. Arborist David Lonsdale advised that any risk posed by the Catalpa could be diminished with a two-fold approach: cutting back the top of the tree and supporting the main branches. The results of the investigation were communicated to the Monmouthshire County Council. [9] The Indian Bean Tree at St James Square was of particular interest due to both its size and its status as one of the oldest specimens of Catalpa in the United Kingdom. The opinion of the arborist was that the value of the Catalpa merited the expense of inspection and arbor care. In addition, it was proposed that financing of the arbor work could be accomplished by utilizing the funds that had initially been targeted for felling the old tree and planting a new specimen. Lonsdale cautioned that the health of the tree would eventually deteriorate, despite treatment. [9]

Outcome

The fourth expert's evaluation of the Catalpa's condition met with a positive reception at the Monmouthshire County Council. The council worked with the Monmouth Town Council and Monmouth Action Group, and looked into performing the remedial arbor care. [9] Treatment was undertaken, including crown reduction and general pruning that were completed by April 2006. In addition, temporary cable props had been placed by that month to support and strengthen the tree. Estimates for supporting rods were obtained: £1500 for stainless steel and £3000 for oak. Outside funding was sought to defray the expense of the tree props. [14] Later, metal supports (pictured) were installed under some large branches of the Indian Bean Tree. [11]

However, it was suspected that the late John "Mad Jack" Roocroft (September 1930 – January 2011), an eccentric Troy Way, Monmouth resident known for his flouting of authority, was responsible for the sudden absence of a large branch of the Indian Bean Tree which had overhung the street at St James Square. [15] [16] [17] Although there was no proof, it was generally believed that it was the former millionaire's distinctive red tractor and trailer, laden with segments of the large limb, that had been spied headed away from the square early one day. [16] His removal of the massive branch is felt to be partially responsible for the recovery of the Catalpa (link to 2011 photograph of Catalpa in bloom below). [15] Roocroft, the son of a Lancashire farmer, had previously used his chain saw on trees in the Nelson Garden. In 2004, he applied his saw to five conifers in the garden, his reasoning being that they were not original to the Nelson Garden's 1802 design. [15] [16] [17] In his February 2011 tribute to Roocroft, Stephen Clarke wrote, "Good night Jack, I dare say that there will be flowers for you to plant in Heaven, beans for you to grow and Catalpa Trees for you to prune, and of course, authority for you to annoy." [16]

Related Research Articles

Monmouth Town in Monmouthshire, Wales

Monmouth is a town and community in Wales. It is situated where the River Monnow joins the River Wye, 2 miles (3.2 km) from the Wales–England border. Monmouth is 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Cardiff, and 113 miles (182 km) west of London. It is within the Monmouthshire local authority, and the parliamentary constituency of Monmouth. The population in the 2011 census was 10,508, rising from 8,877 in 2001. Monmouth is the historic county town of Monmouthshire although Abergavenny is now the county town.

<i>Catalpa</i> Genus of plants

Catalpa, commonly called catalpa or catawba, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Bignoniaceae, native to warm temperate and subtropical regions of North America, the Caribbean, and East Asia.

Monmouthshire County in Wales

Monmouthshire is a county in the south-east of Wales. The name derives from the historic county of the same name; the modern county covers the eastern three-fifths of the historic county. The largest town is Abergavenny, with other towns and large villages being: Caldicot, Chepstow, Monmouth, Magor and Usk. It borders Torfaen, Newport and Blaenau Gwent to the west; Herefordshire and Gloucestershire to the east; and Powys to the north.

<i>Catalpa bignonioides</i> Species of tree

Catalpa bignonioides is a species of Catalpa that is native to the southeastern United States in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Common names include southern catalpa, cigartree, and Indian-bean-tree.

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Raglan railway station was a station on the Coleford, Monmouth, Usk and Pontypool Railway. It was not opened when the line was originally built, but constructed in 1876 to replace two previous stopping places, Raglan Footpath, a small station which was situated a little further west, and Raglan Road, an unofficial halt which closed in July 1876 and was reopened as 'Raglan Road Crossing Halt' in November 1930 by the Great Western Railway. The station was 6 miles and 34 chains from Monmouth Troy and was intended to improve the railway facilities at the nearby village of Raglan, which was the site a large castle which provided a steady stream of tourist traffic. It was closed in May 1955 due to a train drivers strike and was never reopened though a couple of special services continued to run along the stretch of track over the next few years, including a centenary special organised by the Stephenson Locomotive Society in 1957.

The Dispensary, Monmouth

The Dispensary is a Georgian town house which is fairly typical of many town-centre houses in Monmouth, Wales, dating from the mid 18th century, but with early 19th-century additions. It stands in St James Square, opposite the Catalpa tree. The building was listed at Grade II on 27 June 1952.

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St Mary's Priory Church, in Whitecross Street, Monmouth, Monmouthshire, Wales, is an Anglican church founded as a Benedictine priory in 1075. The current church dates mostly from the 18th and 19th centuries. It was designated a Grade II* listed building in 1952. It is one of 24 buildings on the Monmouth Heritage Trail.

There are a number of war memorials in Monmouth, Wales.

Croft-Y-Bwla

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Monmouth War Memorial

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Whitecross Street, Monmouth

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33 Whitecross Street, Monmouth

33 Whitecross Street is a grade II listed building in Monmouth, Monmouthshire, Wales. It is in the historic St James Square neighbourhood. The property was the site of archaeological excavation in 2009, which demonstrated evidence of Neolithic (prehistoric), Roman, and Medieval activity. The following year, archaeological excavation in the square discovered the first evidence of Mesolithic human settlement in Monmouth.

St James Square, Monmouth

St James Square is a historic square in the town centre of Monmouth, Monmouthshire, Wales. It is located at the eastern end of Whitecross Street, within the medieval town walls. The area features the Monmouth War Memorial and the controversial, historic Indian Bean Tree. In addition, in 2010, the square was the site of discovery of the first Mesolithic artefacts in Monmouth. St James Square is lined with numerous listed buildings. It is also home to the Monmouth Catalpa Tree.

St James Street, Monmouth

St James Street is a historic street in the town centre of Monmouth, Monmouthshire, Wales. It appears as a segment of Whitecross Street on the 1610 map of the town by cartographer John Speed and is within the medieval town walls. On more recent maps, it extends from St James Square southwest to Almshouse Street. In 2010, the street was the site of discovery of Mesolithic era artefacts. St James Street is lined with numerous listed buildings.

The Grange, Monmouth

The Grange consists of three attached, grade II listed buildings in Monmouth, Monmouthshire, Wales. It is in the historic St James Street neighbourhood, within the medieval town walls. The Grange was originally built by Captain Charles Philipps at the site of a former farm house. It was the residence of the Kane family and, later, the Windsor family. The buildings also served as a preparatory school, one of the schools of the Haberdashers' Company, until 2009. In 2011, the buildings were converted into a boarding house for students of Monmouth School, another Haberdashers' Company school.

St James House, Monmouth

St James House is a grade II listed building in Monmouth, Monmouthshire, Wales. It is in the historic St James Square neighbourhood, within the Medieval town walls. While the house currently has an attractive, 18th-century facade, it originated as a burgage tenement. In addition, behind the house, evidence of a kiln has been unearthed, with both Medieval and Post-medieval pottery. In 2010, archaeological excavation in the square revealed the first evidence of Mesolithic human settlement in Monmouth. Recent residents of St James House have included boarding students from Monmouth School.

Glendower Street, Monmouth

Glendower Street is a historic street in the town centre of Monmouth, Monmouthshire, Wales. It extends to the southeast from the intersection of Agincourt Street and St John's Street, within the medieval town walls. Glendower Street is lined with numerous listed buildings, including one of the 24 blue plaque buildings on the Monmouth Heritage Trail.

Monmouth Police Station

The Monmouth Police Station is a Grade II listed building in the town centre of Monmouth, Monmouthshire, Wales. It is located in the historic Glendower Street neighbourhood, within the medieval town walls. In March 2012, it was announced that the Monmouth Police Station was one of seventeen police stations in South East Wales that would no longer be open to the public.

References

  1. ↑ Max Davidson (25 February 2006). "City spotlight: Monmouth". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 28 May 2010. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Monmouth residents fight to preserve two historic landmarks". Western Mail. Cardiff, Wales. 19 November 2005. Retrieved 19 June 2012.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Molly Watson (19 November 2005). "Monmouth fights to save historic landmarks". Wales Online. Retrieved 19 June 2012.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 John Brittan. "Council v Council in Catalpa Tree Clash!". hackersons.co.uk. Monmouth Community. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 18 April 2012.
  5. ↑ "Indian bean tree". bbc.co.uk. BBC. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
  6. ↑ John Newman (11 March 2000). Gwent/Monmouthshire (illustrated ed.). Yale University Press. p. 408. ISBN   9780300096309 . Retrieved 19 June 2012.
  7. 1 2 3 "Tenders invited to fell tree". Free Press. Newsquest Media - A Gannett Company. 17 November 2005. Retrieved 19 June 2012.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Molly Watson (19 November 2005). "Monmouth fights to save historic landmarks, page 2". Wales Online. Retrieved 19 June 2012.
  9. 1 2 3 4 "Relief as old tree set to be saved". Free Press. Newsquest Media - A Gannett Company. 9 February 2006. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
  10. ↑ "Virtual Map of Monmouth". monmouth.org.uk. The Monmouth Website. Retrieved 19 June 2012.
  11. 1 2 "File:War Memorial, St. James' Square, Monmouth - geograph.org.uk - 618242.jpg". geograph.org.uk. Geograph. 22 November 2007. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 "Minutes of Meeting of Monmouth Town Council - 9 January 2006" (PDF). monmouth.gov.uk. Monmouth Town Council. 9 January 2006. Retrieved 19 June 2012.
  13. ↑ "Wikipedia project to cover life in Monmouth". BBC News. 30 December 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
  14. ↑ "Minutes of Meeting of Monmouth Town Council - 3 April 2006" (PDF). monmouth.gov.uk. Monmouth Town Council. 3 April 2006. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
  15. 1 2 3 "Town pays tributes to eccentric farmer Jack". Forest of Dean and Wye Valley Review. Tindle Newspapers Ltd. 26 January 2011. Retrieved 19 June 2012.
  16. 1 2 3 4 Stephen Clarke (9 February 2011). "Tribute - Fond memories of a man who bucked authority". The Chepstow Review. Tindle Newspapers Ltd. Retrieved 19 June 2011.
  17. 1 2 Kath Skellon (21 January 2011). "Tributes paid to colourful Monmouth character". South Wales Argus. Newsquest Media - A Gannett Company. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
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