"The Night America Trembled" | |
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Westinghouse Studio One episode | |
Episode no. | Season 10 Episode 1 |
Directed by | Tom Donovan |
Written by | Nelson S. Bond |
Featured music | Hank Sylvern |
Original air date | September 9, 1957 |
Running time | 60 minutes |
"The Night America Trembled" is a television dramatization of the public reaction to the 1938 radio broadcast of "The War of the Worlds" that aired September 9, 1957, as an episode of the CBS series Westinghouse Studio One . Hosted by Edward R. Murrow, the live documentary play was written by Nelson S. Bond, and uses excerpts of the radio script by Howard E. Koch.
The film centers on the panic created when The Mercury Theater on the Air presented a radio adaptation of an 1897 H. G. Wells science fiction novel, The War of the Worlds . In spite of many pre-broadcast promotions describing the play, and several statements during the program itself, the 1938 broadcast, which featured simulated news reports, was taken seriously by a number of listeners, who thought an actual Martian invasion of Earth was taking place, and reacted in a doomsday fashion. [1] [2]
After the 1938 broadcast, some people were critical of Orson Welles for making the broadcast so realistic that some people thought it reflected actual events, but Welles maintained that radio melodrama was supposed to be realistic, over-the-top. Welles said in a press conference the day following the broadcast that he anticipated it would generate reactions similar those when the radio series presented "Dracula". [3] He thought the 19th-century story was so old that he might have trouble keeping the audience interested, and never thought anyone would think there was an actual Martian invasion going on. [2]
"The Night America Trembled" intersperses portrayals of the in-studio radio cast doing the show with the panicked reactions of members of the listening public. A babysitter listens to the broadcast and places an emergency call to the baby's parents, who are dining at a country club. The New Jersey State Police are bombarded by telephone calls from a frightened citizenry. A young couple out on a date hears the program while parked in "Lover's Lane" and rush home, much to the amusement of the girl's parents, who had been listening to The Chase and Sanborn Hour on NBC starring Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy, where there were no reports of Martians, and chuckled at the young couple's naiveté.
The Westinghouse show's cast featured Alexander Scourby and Ed Asner (credited as Edward Asner) as members of the radio studio cast, as well as Vincent Gardenia as a barroom patron engaging in conversations about Hitler. Warren Oates and Warren Beatty also appeared in early-career television roles as poker-playing college students. James Coburn (credited as Jim Coburn) portraying a young father, appeared in his television debut, and John Astin also appeared, uncredited, as a newspaper reporter.
None of the Mercury Theatre members involved with original 1938 broadcast is mentioned by name in "The Night America Trembled". Orson Welles's lines from that night were split up among a few different people, including one of the announcers, and the only person to break the "fourth wall" and speak to the audience was host and veteran CBS news reporter Edward R. Murrow. The character of Princeton astronomer Richard Pearson that Welles had portrayed, and around whom the entire second half of the original broadcast revolved, had completely disappeared from the Westinghouse Studio One presentation. [4] Welles was involved in a lawsuit against CBS after the broadcast, about the authorship of the radio play. [2] The courts ruled against Welles, who was found to have abandoned any rights to the script for "The War of the Worlds" after it was published in Hadley Cantril's 1940 book, The Invasion from Mars: A Study in the Psychology of Panic, in which Howard E. Koch is listed as sole author. Koch subsequently copyrighted the script of the radio play and had granted CBS the right to use it in its program. [5]
A few decades later, a very similar story was encapsulated in a made-for-TV film called The Night that Panicked America . It starred Paul Shenar as Orson Welles; other cast members included Vic Morrow, Michael Constantine, Eileen Brennan, Tom Bosley, John Ritter, and Meredith Baxter. It was originally broadcast on October 31, 1975 by ABC.
"The War of the Worlds" was a Halloween episode of the radio series The Mercury Theatre on the Air directed and narrated by Orson Welles as an adaptation of H. G. Wells's novel The War of the Worlds (1898) that was performed and broadcast live at 8 pm ET on October 30, 1938, over the CBS Radio Network. The episode is famous for inciting a panic by convincing some members of the listening audience that a Martian invasion was taking place, though the scale of panic is disputed, as the program had relatively few listeners.
Edward Roscoe Murrow was an American broadcast journalist and war correspondent. He first gained prominence during World War II with a series of live radio broadcasts from Europe for the news division of CBS. During the war he recruited and worked closely with a team of war correspondents who came to be known as the Murrow Boys.
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The Mercury Theatre was an independent repertory theatre company founded in New York City in 1937 by Orson Welles and producer John Houseman. The company produced theatrical presentations, radio programs and motion pictures. The Mercury also released promptbooks and phonographic recordings of four Shakespeare works for use in schools.
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Howard E. Koch was an American playwright and screenwriter who was blacklisted by the Hollywood film studio bosses in the 1950s.
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Radio is what I love most of all. The wonderful excitement of what could happen in live radio, when everything that could go wrong did go wrong. I was making a couple of thousand a week, scampering in ambulances from studio to studio, and committing much of what I made to support the Mercury. I wouldn't want to return to those frenetic 20-hour working day years, but I miss them because they are so irredeemably gone.
The Mercury Theatre on the Air is a radio series of live radio dramas created and hosted by Orson Welles. The weekly hour-long show presented classic literary works performed by Welles's celebrated Mercury Theatre repertory company, with music composed or arranged by Bernard Herrmann. The series began July 11, 1938, as a sustaining program on the CBS Radio network, airing Mondays at 9 pm ET. On September 11, the show moved to Sundays at 8 pm.