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Hard science fiction is a category of science fiction characterized by concern for scientific accuracy and logic. The term was first used in print in 1957 by P. Schuyler Miller in a review of John W. Campbell's Islands of Space in the November issue of Astounding Science Fiction. The complementary term soft science fiction, formed by analogy to hard science fiction, first appeared in the late 1970s. The term is formed by analogy to the popular distinction between the "hard" (natural) and "soft" (social) sciences, although there are examples generally considered as "hard" science fiction such as Isaac Asimov's Foundation series, built on mathematical sociology. Science fiction critic Gary Westfahl argues that neither term is part of a rigorous taxonomy; instead they are approximate ways of characterizing stories that reviewers and commentators have found useful.
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The Best Policy is a science fiction short story by Randall Garrett about honesty. It was first published in Astounding Science Fiction, in 1957.
"Eyes of Amber" is a science fiction short story by American writer Joan D. Vinge. It was first published as the cover story for the June 1977 issue of Analog Science Fiction and Fact.
The Calculating Stars is a science fiction novel by American writer Mary Robinette Kowal. The book was published by Tor Books on July 3, 2018. It is the first book in the "Lady Astronaut" series and is a prequel to the 2012 short story "The Lady Astronaut of Mars".
Women of Wonder, the Contemporary Years: Science Fiction by Women from the 1970s to the 1990s is an anthology of short stories, novelettes, and novellas edited by Pamela Sargent. It was published in 1995, along a companion volume, Women of Wonder,The Classic Years: Science Fiction by Women from the 1940s to the 1970s.
References
- ↑ Alfred Bester by Jad Smith, published December 1 2016 by University of Illinois Press
- ↑ 1960 Hugo Awards, at TheHugoAwards.org; retrieved May 6, 2018
- ↑ VIRTUAL UNREALITIES: THE SHORT FICTION OF ALFRED BESTER, reviewed at Kirkus Reviews ; published November 14, 1997; retrieved May 6, 2018
- ↑ Hertz: Time for Tea, by John Hertz, at File 770; published December 20, 2013; retrieved May 6, 2018
- ↑ BESTER, ALFRED, by Peter Nicholls; at The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction (edited by John Clute, David Langford, Peter Nicholls, and Graham Sleight. London: Gollancz, updated 16 January 2018; retrieved 6 May 2018
- ↑ Before he was a Psi-cop - Starlight: The Great Short Fiction of Alfred Bester, reviewed by James Nicoll, at James Nicoll Reviews; published April 6, 2015; retrieved May 8, 2018
- ↑ A Softening of the Hard-Sf Concept , by David N. Samuelson, published in Science Fiction Studies #64 = Volume 21, Part 3 = November 1994; archived at DePauw University