The Viceroyalty of the New Kingdom of Granada, also called Viceroyalty of New Granada or Viceroyalty of Santa Fe, was the name given on 27 May 1717 to the jurisdiction of the Spanish Empire in northern South America, corresponding to modern Colombia, Ecuador, Panama and Venezuela. Created in 1717 by King Felipe V, as part of a new territorial control policy, it was suspended in 1723 for financial problems and was restored in 1739 until the independence movement suspended it again in 1810. The territory corresponding to Panama was incorporated later in 1739, and the provinces of Venezuela were separated from the Viceroyalty and assigned to the Captaincy General of Venezuela in 1777. In addition to those core areas, the territory of the Viceroyalty of New Granada included Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, southwestern Suriname, parts of northwestern Brazil, and northern Peru. A strip along the Atlantic Ocean in Mosquito Coast was added by the Royal Decree of 20 November 1803, but the British battled for administrative control.
Maracaibo is a city and municipality in northwestern Venezuela, on the western shore of the strait that connects Lake Maracaibo to the Gulf of Venezuela. It is the second-largest city in Venezuela, after the national capital, Caracas, and the capital of the state of Zulia. The population of the city is approximately 2,658,355 with the metropolitan area estimated at 5,278,448 as of 2010. Maracaibo is nicknamed "The Beloved Land of the Sun".
The Guajira Peninsula is a peninsula in northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela in the Caribbean. It is the northernmost peninsula in South America and has an area of 25,000 km2 (9,700 sq mi) extending from the Manaure Bay (Colombia) to the Calabozo Ensenada in the Gulf of Venezuela (Venezuela), and from the Caribbean to the Serranía del Perijá mountains range.
Maicao is a city and municipality in the Department of La Guajira, northern Republic of Colombia. It is located 76 km from Riohacha, the capital of the department and is the second largest urban center near the border with Venezuela, after the city of Cúcuta.
The Wayuu are an Indigenous ethnic group of the Guajira Peninsula in northernmost Colombia and northwest Venezuela. The Wayuu language is part of the Arawakan language family. Their history is one of resilience with the Spanish and the Catholic Church. Wayuu tradition remains, and their artisan industry is one of the biggest handicraft exports in Colombia today.
La Guajira is a department of Colombia. It occupies most of the Guajira Peninsula in the northeast region of the country, on the Caribbean Sea and bordering Venezuela, at the northernmost tip of South America. The capital city of the department is Riohacha.
Wayuu, or Guajiro, is a major Arawakan language spoken by 400,000 indigenous Wayuu people in northwestern Venezuela and northeastern Colombia on the Guajira Peninsula and surrounding Lake Maracaibo.
The Bahía Portete massacre was a massacre in the Colombian town of Bahía Portete, in the Department of La Guajira on April 16, 2004. It was perpetrated by paramilitary groups of the United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC) Wayuu Counter-Insurgency Bloc led by alias "Jorge 40" killing 12 people and the disappearance of one. Some 600 people were displaced against their will and took refuge in neighboring Venezuela.
Bahía Portete – Kaurrele National Natural Park is a national natural park in Uribia, La Guajira, Colombia. The northernmost national park of mainland South America is located at the Caribbean coast of the La Guajira peninsula in Bahía Portete, between Cabo de la Vela and Punta Gallinas. Established on December 20, 2014, it is the most recently designated national park of the country. As of 2017, 59 nationally defined protected areas are incorporated in Colombia. The park hosts a high number of marine and terrestrial species.
Alejandro Manrique Hernández Reinoso is a Venezuelan filmmaker. He achieved popularity in Latin America thanks to The Alejandro Hernández Show, a comedy web series which satirizes Venezuelan and Hispanic culture. Most of the content is in Spanish, although some sketches are recorded in English. Since 2009, his videos have reached a total of over 8 million views, which includes only those on his YouTube account. In 2011 Hernández signed a contract with PlanetaUrbe.Tv. Since then, all of his episodes were uploaded to PlanetaUrbe's website instead of YouTube. After the contract ended, he returned to YouTube through elmostacho.com. Hernández is currently at number 148 on the most followed Twitter users in Venezuela, and is the most followed user in the state of Zulia. He won the Celebrity award at the 2011 Twitter Awards held by El Nacional.
Wayuu: la niña de Maracaibo is a 2012 Venezuelan crime film directed by Miguel Curiel and starring Daniel Alvarado, Karina Velázquez and Asier Hernández. The film premiered in New York City in August 2005, and it opened in other countries, including Venezuela later that year.
Marta Colomina Reyero is a Spanish-Venezuelan journalist and retired college professor. For two decades she taught journalism in her alma mater, the University of Zulia. During the 1980s she was president of the Venezuelan state television channel, Venezolana de Televisión, and held a column of opinion in the newspaper El Universal for almost twenty years. Since 2014, she has written for the newspaper El Nacional.
Patricia Ortega is a Venezuelan film director. She has won multiple accolades, particularly for her 2018 film Being Impossible.
Guillermo Trujillo Durán was a Venezuelan poet and politician. He is also remembered for his work in journalism and film, alongside his brother Manuel Trujillo Durán. He worked as editor for several Maracaibo-based publications and published some collections of poetry. In politics, he first served in the government of Zulia before entering the National Assembly, where he was Vice-President on two occasions.
Ramón Paz Ipuana was a Venezuelan writer, researcher, linguist and poet of Wayuu origin. He is considered one of the most important writers in the Wayuu language.
San Francisco is a municipality in the metropolitan area of Maracaibo, Venezuela's second largest city. San Francisco covers an area of 185 square kilometres (71 sq mi) and recorded a population of 446,757 in the 2011 Venezuelan census.
Melissa Ester Jiménez Guevara is a Venezuelan model and beauty titleholder who was crowned Miss Venezuela International 2019. She represented the state of Zulia at the pageant and represented Venezuela at Miss International 2019 where she finished as Top 15.
El malquerido is a 2015 biographical film directed by Venezuelan filmmaker Diego Rísquez, starring Jesús Miranda and Greisy Mena. The film is based on the life of the Venezuelan bolero singer Felipe Pirela.
La Guajira Cartel refers to a criminal organization originating from Maicao that operates in the Guajira Peninsula on the Caribbean Sea, north of the border between Colombia and Venezuela. Its base territory is the city of Maracaibo and a large part of the state of Zulia in Venezuela, also covers La Guajira Department in Colombia; especially Maicao, and to the north of the Cesar Department, particularly, its capital Valledupar, thus matching the historical territory of the Wayuu indigenous ethnic group, to which some of its members belong. The cartel specializes in the control of contraband of all kinds of supplies; especially, Venezuelan gasoline to Colombia, weapons, minerals, stolen cars, cattle and drug trafficking. They also commit all kinds of robberies, extortion, assassination, threats, kidnappings, and usury.
