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Aufseherin was the position title for a female guard in Nazi concentration camps. Of the 50,000 guards who served in the concentration camps, training records indicate that approximately 3,500 were women. In 1942, the first female guards arrived at Auschwitz and Majdanek from Ravensbrück. The year after, the Nazis began conscripting women because of a shortage of male guards. In the context of these camps, the German position title of Aufseherin translates to (female) "overseer" or "attendant". Later female guards were dispersed to Bolzano (1944–1945), Kaiserwald-Riga (1943–44), Mauthausen, Stutthof (1942–1945), Vaivara (1943–1944), Vught (1943–1944), and at Nazi concentration camps, subcamps, work camps, detention camps and other posts.
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Ravensbrück was a Nazi concentration camp exclusively for women from 1939 to 1945, located in northern Germany, 90 km (56 mi) north of Berlin at a site near the village of Ravensbrück. The camp memorial's estimated figure of 132,000 women who were in the camp during the war includes about 48,500 from Poland, 28,000 from the Soviet Union, almost 24,000 from Germany and Austria, nearly 8,000 from France, almost 2,000 from Belgium, and thousands from other countries including a few from the United Kingdom and the United States. More than 20,000 of the total were Jewish More than 80 percent were political prisoners. Many prisoners were employed as slave laborers by Siemens & Halske. From 1942 to 1945, the Nazis undertook medical experiments on Ravensbrück prisoners to test the effectiveness of sulfonamides.
The Storyteller is the twenty-second novel written by the American author Jodi Picoult.
The Nightingale (2015) is a historical fiction novel by American author Kristin Hannah published by St. Martin's Press. The book tells the story of two sisters in France during World War II and their struggle to survive and resist the German occupation there.
Lisa Ullrich was a German activist and politician. She was elected to the national parliament (Reichstag) in July 1932, remaining a member till March 1933, after the Nazi take-over.
"Sur" is a short story by the American writer Ursula K. Le Guin, first published in The New Yorker on February 1, 1982. It was included in The Compass Rose, a collection of stories by Le Guin first published in July 1982.
References
- ↑ Ozick, Cynthia. ""The Shawl"". The New Yorker. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
- ↑ "The Shawl | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
- ↑ "The Shawl". NEA. Retrieved February 13, 2022.
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