Thermoelastic damping

Last updated

Thermoelastic damping is a source of intrinsic material damping due to thermoelasticity present in almost all materials. As the name thermoelastic suggests, it describes the coupling between the elastic field in the structure caused by deformation and the temperature field.

Definition

In any vibrating structure, the strain field causes a change in the internal energy such that compressed region becomes hotter (assuming a positive coefficient of thermal expansion) and extended region becomes cooler. The mechanism responsible for thermoelastic damping is the resulting lack of thermal equilibrium between various parts of the vibrating structure. Energy is dissipated when irreversible heat flow driven by the temperature gradient occurs.

The earliest study of thermoelastic damping can be found in Clarence_Zener’s classical work, [1] [2] in 1937, in which he studied thermoelastic damping in beams undergoing flexural vibrations. Flexural vibrations cause alternating tensile and compressive strains to build up on opposite sides of the neutral axis leading to a thermal imbalance. Irreversible heat flow which is driven by the temperature gradient causes vibrational energy to be dissipated.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of thermodynamics</span>

A timeline of events in the history of thermodynamics.

In condensed matter physics, a Cooper pair or BCS pair is a pair of electrons bound together at low temperatures in a certain manner first described in 1956 by American physicist Leon Cooper.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gleb Wataghin</span> Ukrainian-Italian theoretical and experimental physicist

Gleb Vassielievich Wataghin was a Ukrainian-Italian theoretical and experimental physicist and a great scientific leader who gave a great impulse to the teaching and research on physics in two continents: in the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and in the University of Turin, Turin, Italy.

Hysteresivity derives from “hysteresis”, meaning “lag”. It is the tendency to react slowly to an outside force, or to not return completely to its original state. Whereas the area within a hysteresis loop represents energy dissipated to heat and is an extensive quantity with units of energy, the hysteresivity represents the fraction of the elastic energy that is lost to heat, and is an intensive property that is dimensionless.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marvin L. Cohen</span> American physicist

Marvin Lou Cohen is an American–Canadian theoretical physicist. He is a physics professor at the University of California, Berkeley. Cohen is a leading expert in the field of condensed matter physics. He is widely known for his seminal work on the electronic structure of solids.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Random phase approximation</span>

The random phase approximation (RPA) is an approximation method in condensed matter physics and in nuclear physics. It was first introduced by David Bohm and David Pines as an important result in a series of seminal papers of 1952 and 1953. For decades physicists had been trying to incorporate the effect of microscopic quantum mechanical interactions between electrons in the theory of matter. Bohm and Pines' RPA accounts for the weak screened Coulomb interaction and is commonly used for describing the dynamic linear electronic response of electron systems. It was further developed to the relativistic form (RRPA) by solving the Dirac equation.

In the field of physics concerning condensed matter, a Kohn anomaly is an anomaly in the dispersion relation of a phonon branch in a metal. It is named for Walter Kohn. For a specific wavevector, the frequency of the associated phonon is considerably lowered, and there is a discontinuity in its derivative. They have been first proposed by Walter Kohn in 1959. In extreme cases, the energy of this phonon is zero, meaning that a static distortion of the lattice appears. This is one explanation for charge density waves in solids. The wavevectors at which a Kohn anomaly is possible are the nesting vectors of the Fermi surface, that is vectors that connect a lot of points of the Fermi surface. The electron phonon interaction causes a rigid shift of the Fermi sphere and a failure of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation since the electrons do not follow any more the ionic motion adiabatically.

Quantum dimer models were introduced to model the physics of resonating valence bond (RVB) states in lattice spin systems. The only degrees of freedom retained from the motivating spin systems are the valence bonds, represented as dimers which live on the lattice bonds. In typical dimer models, the dimers do not overlap.

In mathematics, the folded spectrum method (FSM) is an iterative method for solving large eigenvalue problems. Here you always find a vector with an eigenvalue close to a search-value . This means you can get a vector in the middle of the spectrum without solving the matrix.

In physics, The Keating Model is a model that theoretical physicist Patrick N. Keating introduced in 1966 to describe forces induced on neighboring atoms when one atom moves in a solid.

Francis Goddard Slack was an American physicist. He was a physics teacher, researcher, and administrator in academia who was renowned for placing equal emphasis on teaching and on research.

G. Norris Glasoe was an American nuclear physicist. He was a member of the Columbia University team which was the first in the United States to verify the European discovery of the nuclear fission of uranium via neutron bombardment. During World War II, he worked at the MIT Radiation Laboratory. He was a physicist and administrator at the Brookhaven National Laboratory.

In materials science, the threshold displacement energy is the minimum kinetic energy that an atom in a solid needs to be permanently displaced from its site in the lattice to a defect position. It is also known as "displacement threshold energy" or just "displacement energy". In a crystal, a separate threshold displacement energy exists for each crystallographic direction. Then one should distinguish between the minimum and average over all lattice directions' threshold displacement energies. In amorphous solids, it may be possible to define an effective displacement energy to describe some other average quantity of interest. Threshold displacement energies in typical solids are of the order of 10-50 eV.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Photofission</span> Fission of a nucleus via absorption of a gamma ray

Photofission is a process in which a nucleus, after absorbing a gamma ray, undergoes nuclear fission and splits into two or more fragments.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bean's critical state model</span> Theoretical model for magnetic behaviour of some superconductors

Bean's critical state model, introduced by C. P. Bean in 1962, gives a macroscopic explanation of the irreversible magnetization behavior (hysteresis) of hard Type-II superconductors.

Wilson Marcy Powell was an American physicist and a member of the physics department at the University of California, Berkeley.

Cooperative luminescence is the radiative process in which two excited ions simultaneously make downward transition to emit one photon with the sum of their excitation energies. The inverse process is cooperative absorption, in which a photon can be absorbed by a coupled pair of two ions, making them excited simultaneously.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Perturbed angular correlation</span>

The perturbed γ-γ angular correlation, PAC for short or PAC-Spectroscopy, is a method of nuclear solid-state physics with which magnetic and electric fields in crystal structures can be measured. In doing so, electrical field gradients and the Larmor frequency in magnetic fields as well as dynamic effects are determined. With this very sensitive method, which requires only about 10–1000 billion atoms of a radioactive isotope per measurement, material properties in the local structure, phase transitions, magnetism and diffusion can be investigated. The PAC method is related to nuclear magnetic resonance and the Mössbauer effect, but shows no signal attenuation at very high temperatures. Today only the time-differential perturbed angular correlation (TDPAC) is used.

In condensed matter physics, the Slater–Pauling rule states that adding an element to a metal alloy will reduce the alloy's saturation magnetization by an amount proportional to the number of valence electrons outside of the added element's d shell. Conversely, elements with a partially filled d shell will increase the magnetic moment by an amount proportional to number of missing electrons. Investigated by the physicists John C. Slater and Linus Pauling in the 1930s, the rule is a useful approximation for the magnetic properties of many transition metals.

References

  1. Zener, Clarence (1937-08-01). "Internal Friction in Solids. I. Theory of Internal Friction in Reeds". Physical Review. American Physical Society (APS). 52 (3): 230–235. Bibcode:1937PhRv...52..230Z. doi:10.1103/physrev.52.230. ISSN   0031-899X.
  2. Zener, Clarence (1938-01-01). "Internal Friction in Solids II. General Theory of Thermoelastic Internal Friction" (PDF). Physical Review. American Physical Society (APS). 53 (1): 90–99. Bibcode:1938PhRv...53...90Z. doi:10.1103/physrev.53.90. ISSN   0031-899X.