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Tripolis was a district in ancient Perrhaebia, Thessaly, Greece, containing the three cities of Azorus, Pythion (Pythium), and Doliche.
Pythion or Pythium, also Pythoion (Πύθοιον) was a city and polis (city-state) of Perrhaebia in ancient Thessaly, situated at the foot of Mount Olympus, and forming a Tripolis with the two neighbouring towns of Azorus and Doliche. Pythion derived its name from a temple of Apollo Pythius situated on one of the summits of Olympus, as we learn from an epigram of Xeinagoras, a Greek mathematician, who measured the height of Olympus from these parts. Games were also celebrated here in honour of Apollo.
Asterium or Asterion was a city in ancient Thessaly mentioned in the Catalogue of Ships in Homer's Iliad as belonging to Eurypylus. Homer speaks of "Asterium and the white summits of Titanus – Ἀστέριον Τιτάνοιό τε λευκὰ κάρηνα. Strabo places the city in the neighbourhood of Cierium. Stephanus of Byzantium relates that the place was later called Peiresia (Πειρεσία), no doubt from the Argonautica of Apollonius of Rhodes who describes the place as near the junction of rivers Apidanus and Enipeus.
Acharrae was a town and polis (city-state) of Ancient Thessaly in the district Thessaliotis or Phthiotis, on the river Pamisus, mentioned only by Livy, but apparently the same place as the Acharne of Pliny. Livy relates that the retreat of Philip V of Macedon after the Battle of the Aous allowed the Aetolians to occupy much of Thessaly, and these latter gained Acharrae by surrender, whereas nearby Theuma and Celathara were plundered.
Callithera was a town of Thessaly in the district Thessaliotis, of uncertain site. Livy relates that the retreat of Philip V of Macedon after the Battle of the Aous allowed the Aetolians to occupy much of Thessaly. Whilst they were devastating the fields round Metropolis the townsmen who had mustered in force to defend their walls inflicted a repulse upon them. Then, in an attack upon Callithera they met with similar resistance, but after an obstinate struggle they drove the defenders back within their walls. As there was no hope whatever of their effecting the capture of the place, they had to content themselves with this success. The Aetolians then continued to attack nearby Acharrae, Theuma, and Celathara, the latter two which they plundered.
Celathara was a town of Ancient Thessaly. Livy relates that the retreat of Philip V of Macedon after the Battle of the Aous allowed the Aetolians to occupy much of Thessaly, and these latter plundered Celathara and nearby Theuma, whereas Acharrae surrendered.
Cypaera or Kypaira or Cyphara or Cyphaera (Κύφαιρα) was a town and polis (city-state) of Ancient Thessaly, in the southern part of the district Thessaliotis or Phthiotis, near the confines of Dolopia. Livy relates that the retreat of Philip V of Macedon after the Battle of the Aous allowed the Aetolians to occupy much of Thessaly, and these latter, after sacking Xyniae took Cypaera. It has been located at a site called Palaia Yannitsou within the territory between the modern villages of Kaitsa and Makrirrachi (Μακρυρράχη), in the municipal unit of Xyniada.
Larissa Cremaste was a town of Ancient Thessaly of less importance than Larissa, and was situated in the district of Achaea Phthiotis, at the distance of 20 stadia from the Maliac Gulf, upon a height advancing in front of Mount Othrys. It occupied the side of the hill, and was hence surnamed Cremaste, as "hanging" on the side of Mt. Othrys, to distinguish it from the more celebrated Larissa, situated in a plain. Strabo also describes it as well watered and producing vines. The same writer adds that it was surnamed Pelasgia as well as Cremaste.
Angeia or Angea was a town and polis (city-state) in ancient Thessaly in the district Dolopia. Livy relates that the retreat of Philip V of Macedon after the Battle of the Aous allowed the Aetolians to occupy much of Thessaly, and these latter devastated Angeia and its neighbour, Ctimene. Modern scholars identify the site of Angeia with the modern village of Loutropigi.
Ctimene or Ktimene, was a town and polis in ancient Thessaly, on the borders of Dolopia and Phthia, near the Lake Xynias. It is cited by Apollonius of Rhodes as the place of origin of one of the argonauts, Eurydamas, and relates it to the tribe of the Dolopes.
Gyrton or Gyrtona or Gyrtone (Γυρτώνη) was a town and polis (city-state) of Perrhaebia in ancient Thessaly, situated in a fertile plain between the rivers Titaresius and Peneius. Strabo connects Gyrton with the mouth of the Peneius; but it is evident from the description of Livy, whose account has been derived from Polybius, that it stood in some part of those plains in which Phalanna, Atrax, and Larissa were situated. It was only one day's march from Phalanna to Gyrton. It was an ancient town even in Classical times, mentioned by Homer,and continued to be a place of importance till later times, when it is called opulent by Apollonius Rhodius. It was said to have been the original abode of the Phlegyae, and to have been founded by Gyrton, the brother of Phlegyas.
Cyretiae or Chyretiai or Kyretiai was a town and polis (city-state) of Perrhaebia in ancient Thessaly, frequently mentioned in the Roman wars in Greece. It was plundered by the Aetolians in 200 BCE, was taken by Antiochus III, 191 BCE, but recovered by Marcus Baebius Tamphilus and Philip V of Macedon in the same year, and was attacked by Perseus of Macedon, following the surrender of nearby Doliche, Pythium, and Azorus in 171 BCE. In the last event, after a first assault attempt was repulsed, the attackers on the second day of the siege obtained the surrender of the defenders.
Meliboea or Meliboia was a town and polis (city-state) of Magnesia in ancient Thessaly, mentioned by Homer, in the Catalogue of Ships in the Iliad, as one of the places subject to Philoctetes. It was situated upon the sea coast, and is described by Livy as situated at the roots of Mount Ossa, and by Strabo as lying in the gulf between Mount Ossa and Mount Pelion.
Phaestus or Phaestos or Phaistos was a town of ancient Thessaly in the district Pelasgiotis, a little to the right of the Peneius. It was taken by the Roman praetor Marcus Baebius Tamphilus in 191 BCE.
Lapathus or Lapathos was a fortress in the north of ancient Thessaly, near the Vale of Tempe.
Elateia or Elatia was a town in Pelasgiotis in ancient Thessaly, described by Livy, along with Gonnus, as situated in the pass leading to the Vale of Tempe. Elateia is called Iletia by Pliny the Elder, and Iletium or Iletion (Ἰλέτιον) by Ptolemy. It is mentioned by Stephanus of Byzantium under its right name.
Silana was a town in the Histiaeotis in the northwest of ancient Thessaly, near the frontiers of Athamania, mentioned along with Gomphi and Tricca by Livy.
Eudieru or Eudierum or Eudieron, also Dieron, was a fortified settlement or castle in Histiaeotis, in ancient Thessaly, on the southern side of Mount Olympus, described by Livy as distant 15 miles (24 km) from the Roman camp between Azorus and Doliche, in the direction of Ascuris and Lapathus.
Sperchiae or Sperchiai or Spercheiae or Spercheiai (Σπερχείαι) was a fortress in Ainis in ancient Thessaly, which, according to the description of Livy, would seem to have been situated at no great distance from the sources of the Spercheius. Ptolemy mentions a place Spercheia between Echinus and Thebes in Phthiotis; and Pliny the Elder places Sperchios in Doris. William Smith concludes it probable that these three names indicate the same place. Livy relates that the place was destroyed by the Aetolians in 198 BCE.
Macra Come or Makra Kome was a fortress mentioned by Livy along with Sperchiae in Ainis, in ancient Thessaly. It may have been a town of the Aenianes.
References
- ↑
- ↑ Livy. Ab Urbe Condita Libri (History of Rome). 32.13.
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