Think Small

Last updated
Think Small
Product type Advertising campaign for Volkswagen Beetle
Owner Doyle Dane Bernbach (DDB)
CountryUnited States
Introduced1959;65 years ago (1959)
The most popular variant of the Think Small advertisement features a bare background, with only the VW Beetle in view to shift the reader's focus to the vehicle immediately. Think Small.jpg
The most popular variant of the Think Small advertisement features a bare background, with only the VW Beetle in view to shift the reader's focus to the vehicle immediately.

Think Small was one of the most famous ads in the advertising campaign for the Volkswagen Beetle, art-directed by Helmut Krone. The copy for Think Small was written by Julian Koenig [1] at the Doyle Dane Bernbach (DDB) agency in 1959. [2] [3] [4] Doyle Dane Bernbach's Volkswagen Beetle campaign was ranked as the best advertising campaign of the twentieth century by Ad Age , [3] in a survey of North American advertisements. Koenig was followed by many other writers during Krone's art-directorship of the first 100 ads of the campaign, most notably Bob Levenson. The campaign has been considered so successful that it "did much more than boost sales and build a lifetime of brand loyalty [...] The ad, and the work of the ad agency behind it, changed the very nature of advertising—from the way it's created to what you see as a consumer today." [5]

Contents

Background

Fifteen years after World War II, the United States had become a world and consumer superpower; and cars began to be built for growing families with baby boomer children and "Americans obsessed with muscle cars". [4] The Beetle, a "compact, strange-looking automobile", was manufactured in a plant built by the Nazis in Wolfsburg, Germany, which was perceived to make it more challenging to sell the vehicle [5] (since the car was designed in Nazi Germany). [6] Automobile advertisements back then focused on providing as much information as possible to the reader instead of persuading the reader to purchase a product, and the advertisements were typically rooted more in fantasy than in reality. [5]

Campaign

Helmut Krone came up with the design for "Lemon" and "Think Small" simultaneously. Krone teamed up with copywriter Julian Koenig to develop the "Think Small" and "Lemon" ads for Volkswagen under the supervision of William Bernbach. DDB built a print campaign that focused on the Beetle's form, which was smaller than most of the cars being sold at the time. This unique focus in an automobile advertisement brought wide attention to the Beetle. DDB had "simplicity in mind, contradicting the traditional association of automobiles with luxury". Print advertisements for the campaign were filled mostly with white space, with a small image of the Beetle shown, which was meant to emphasize its simplicity and minimalism, and the text and fine print that appeared at the bottom of the page listed the advantages of owning a small car. [4]

The creative execution broke with convention in a number of ways. Although the layout used the traditional format - image, headline and three-column body were retained, other differences were subtle yet sufficient to make the advertisement stand out. It used a sans-serif font at a time when serif fonts were normal. It included a full-stop after the tagline "Think Small." The body copy was full of widows and orphans, designed to give the ad a natural and honest feel. The image of the car was placed in the top left corner and angled in a way that directed the reader's attention toward the headline. Finally, the ad was printed in black and white, at a time when full colour advertisements were widely used. Over time, the layout changed but the essential executional elements were used consistently to give a sense of a "house style". [7]

Books

A 1967 promotional book titled Think Small was distributed as a giveaway by Volkswagen dealers. Charles Addams, Bill Hoest, Virgil Partch, Gahan Wilson and other top cartoonists of that decade drew cartoons showing Volkswagens, and these were published along with amusing automotive essays by such humorists as H. Allen Smith, Roger Price and Jean Shepherd. The book's design juxtaposed each cartoon alongside a photograph of the cartoon's creator.

The campaign has been the subject of a number of books, with serious scholarly analysis of the campaign's key success factors, including: Think Small: The Story of those Volkswagen Ads by Frank Rowsome (1970); [8] Think Small: The Story of the World's Greatest Ad (2011) by Dominik Imseng; [9] and Thinking Small: The Long, Strange Trip of the Volkswagen Beetle (2012) by Andrea Hiott; [10]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferdinand Porsche</span> Bohemian-German automotive engineer and inventor (1875–1951)

Ferdinand Porsche was an Austrian-Bohemian-German automotive engineer and founder of the Porsche AG. He is best known for creating the first gasoline–electric hybrid vehicle (Lohner–Porsche), the Volkswagen Beetle, the Auto Union racing cars, the Mercedes-Benz SS/SSK, and several other important developments and Porsche automobiles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Daisy (advertisement)</span> 1964 US presidential campaign advertisement

"Daisy", sometimes referred to as "Daisy Girl" or "Peace, Little Girl", is an American political advertisement that aired on television as part of Lyndon B. Johnson's 1964 presidential campaign. Though aired only once, it is considered one of the most important factors in Johnson's landslide victory over the Republican Party's candidate, Barry Goldwater, and a turning point in political and advertising history. A partnership between the Doyle Dane Bernbach agency and Tony Schwartz, the "Daisy" advertisement was designed to broadcast Johnson's anti-war and anti-nuclear positions. Goldwater was against the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty and suggested the use of nuclear weapons in the Vietnam War, if necessary. The Johnson campaign used Goldwater's speeches to imply he would wage a nuclear war.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rosser Reeves</span> American advertising executive and pioneer of television advertising

Rosser Reeves was an American advertising executive and pioneer of television advertising; Reeves generated millions for his clients. The Ted Bates agency, where he rose to chairman, exists today as Bates CHI & Partners.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">DDB Worldwide</span> Marketing communication network company

DDB Worldwide Communications Group LLC, known internationally as DDB, is a worldwide marketing communications network. It is owned by Omnicom Group, one of the world's largest advertising holding companies. The international advertising networks Doyle Dane Bernbach and Needham Harper merged their worldwide agency operations to become DDB Needham in 1986. At that same time the owners of Doyle Dane Bernbach, Needham Harper and BBDO merged their shareholdings to form the US listed holding company Omnicom. In 1996, DDB Needham became known as DDB Worldwide.

In American English, a lemon is a vehicle that turns out to have several manufacturing issues affecting its safety, value or utility. Any vehicle with such severe issues may be termed a lemon, and by extension, so may any product with flaws too great or severe to serve its purpose.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William Bernbach</span>

William Bernbach was an American advertising creative director. He was one of the three founders in 1949 of the international advertising agency Doyle Dane Bernbach (DDB). He directed many of the firm's breakthrough ad campaigns and had a lasting impact on the creative team structures now commonly used by ad agencies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">VDub</span>

VDub was an American advertising campaign used by Volkswagen during 2006 for the Volkswagen GTI. Intended to parody MTV's Pimp My Ride, advertising agency Crispin Porter + Bogusky created a series of three television commercials directed by Jonas Åkerlund, starring Swedish actor Peter Stormare as an effete German engineer named Wolfgang, and German model Zonja Wöstendiek as his assistant Miss Helga. In each ad, Wolfgang introduces a "contestant" and Miss Helga showcases and insults their gaudy and distastefully modified compact car of a competitive make - specifically a Mitsubishi Eclipse, Ford Focus and a Honda Civic. Wolfgang then excitedly announces that they are going to "unpimp" the contestant's car, in which he presses a button on a handheld remote and the car is violently destroyed as the contestant watches. Each contestant is then given a brand new Volkswagen GTI, a car that has been "pre-tuned by German engineers". Wolfgang uses gestures and expressions reminiscent of hip-hop culture throughout the ads for humorous effect, such as when he proclaims "we just dropped it like it's hot!" after crushing a Ford Focus. Most notably, he opens every ad with "V Dub in the house!" and ends every ad by recreating the Volkswagen logo in a hand sign accompanied with, "V Dub! Representing Deutschland!"

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carl Hahn</span> German businessman (1926–2023)

Carl Horst Hahn was a German businessman and head of the Volkswagen Group from 1982 to 1993. He served as the chairman of the board of management of the parent company, Volkswagen AG. During his tenure, the group's car production increased from two million units in 1982 to 3.5 million a decade later.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Snark sailboat</span> Small, inexpensive, and lightweight sailboat

The Snark is a line of lightweight sailboats, at its introduction a two-person, lateen-rigged sailboat manufactured and marketed by Meyers Boat Company of Adrian, Michigan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rubin Postaer and Associates</span> American advertising and marketing agency

RPA is a full-service American advertising and marketing agency headquartered in Santa Monica, California. It was founded in 1986 by Gerry Rubin and Larry Postaer and currently employs more than 700 associates. The agency has regional offices in Portland, Denver, Dallas, Chicago, Atlanta, Boston and Moorestown, New Jersey.

Apple Inc. has had many notable advertisements since the 1980s. The "1984" Super Bowl commercial introduced the original Macintosh mimicking imagery from George Orwell's 1984. The 1990s Think Different campaign linked Apple to famous social figures such as John Lennon and Mahatma Gandhi, while also introducing "Think Different" as a new slogan for the company. Other popular advertising campaigns include the 2000s "iPod People", the 2002 Switch campaign, and most recently the Get a Mac campaign which ran from 2006 to 2009.

Throughout its history, the German automotive company Volkswagen has applied myriad advertising methods.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">George Lois</span> American art director, designer, and author (1931–2022)

George Lois was an American art director, designer, and author. Lois was perhaps best known for over 92 covers he designed for Esquire magazine from 1962 to 1973.

Vinny Warren is an Irish-born American advertising creative director, most notable for his iconic "Whassup?" campaign for Budweiser (Anheuser-Busch). Warren was inducted into the Clio Awards Hall of Fame in 2006. He is based in Chicago, Illinois.

Julian Norman Koenig was an American copywriter. He was inducted into The One Club Creative Hall of Fame in 1966.

Helmut Krone was an art director and is considered to be a pioneer of modern advertising. Krone spent over 30 years at the advertising agency Doyle Dane Bernbach. He was the art director for the popular 1960s campaign for the Volkswagen Beetle, which featured a large unadorned photo of the car with the tiny word "Lemon" underneath it; the series of "When you're only No. 2, you try harder" advertisements for Avis, and the creation of Juan Valdez, who personified Colombian coffee. During his career, Krone won a number of awards and was inducted in both the One Club's Creative Hall of Fame and the Art Directors Hall of Fame. His work has been collected by the Museum of Modern Art and the Smithsonian.

The Force is a television advertisement created by to promote Volkswagen's Passat.

Papert Koenig Lois, also known as PKL, was an advertising agency founded by Fred Papert, Julian Koenig and George Lois in January 1960. Its first office was in the Seagram Building in Park Avenue in Manhattan. Early clients included Peugeot and Xerox. Its campaigns were successful and it was the first such agency to go public.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Confessions of a Republican</span> Political ad for Lyndon Johnsons 1964 US presidential campaign

"Confessions of a Republican" is a political advertisement aired on television during the 1964 United States presidential election by incumbent president Lyndon B. Johnson's campaign.

William "Bill" Helburn was an American fashion and advertising photographer, best known for images published in magazines including Harper’s Bazaar, Vogue, Life, Town and Country, Esquire and Charm. Over the course of his career, Helburn won more than 46 professional awards for magazine and television ads. He died in November 2020 at the age of 96.

References

  1. "Origin Story"
  2. "Ad Age Advertising Century: Top 100 Campaigns". adage.com. Crain Communications Inc. March 29, 1999.
  3. 1 2 "Top 100 Advertising Campaigns". Ad Age. Retrieved July 15, 2010.
  4. 1 2 3 Kabourek, Sarah. "Game-changing ads". CNN.
  5. 1 2 3 "Top ad campaign of century? VW Beetle, of course". Portland Business Journal. Retrieved July 15, 2010.
  6. "Did Hitler really invent the Volkswagen?". Yahoo!. Retrieved July 15, 2010.
  7. Sivulka, J., Soap, Sex, and Cigarettes: A Cultural History of American Advertising Cengage Learning, 2011, p. 258
  8. Rowsome, F., Think Small: The Story of those Volkswagen Ads, S. Greene Press,1970
  9. Imseng, D., Think Small: The Story of the World's Greatest Ad, Full Stop Press, 2011
  10. Hiott, A., Thinking Small: The Long, Strange Trip of the Volkswagen Beetle Random House Publishing Group, 2012

Further reading