A seat belt,also known as a safety belt or spelled seatbelt,is a vehicle safety device designed to secure the driver or a passenger of a vehicle against harmful movement that may result during a collision or a sudden stop. A seat belt reduces the likelihood of death or serious injury in a traffic collision by reducing the force of secondary impacts with interior strike hazards,by keeping occupants positioned correctly for maximum effectiveness of the airbag,and by preventing occupants being ejected from the vehicle in a crash or if the vehicle rolls over.
Drunk driving is the act of operating a motor vehicle with the operator's ability to do so impaired as a result of alcohol consumption,or with a blood alcohol level in excess of the legal limit. For drivers 21 years or older,driving with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.08% or higher is illegal. For drivers under 21 years old,the legal limit is lower,with state limits ranging from 0.00 to 0.02. Lower BAC limits apply when operating boats,airplanes,or commercial vehicles. Among other names,the criminal offense of drunk driving may be called driving under the influence (DUI),driving while intoxicated or impaired (DWI),operating [a] vehicle under the influence of alcohol (OVI),or operating while impaired (OWI).
The term built environment refers to human-made conditions and is often used in architecture,landscape architecture,urban planning,public health,sociology,and anthropology,among others. These curated spaces provide the setting for human activity and were created to fulfill human desires and needs. The term can refer to a plethora of components including the traditionally associated buildings,cities,public infrastructure,transportation,open space,as well as more conceptual components like farmlands,dammed rivers,wildlife management,and even domesticated animals.
The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) is a public academic health science center in Galveston,Texas,United States. It is part of the University of Texas System. UTMB includes the oldest medical school in Texas,and has about 11,000 employees. As of April 2024,it had an endowment of $763 million.
The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) is an agency in the United States Department of Transportation (DOT). The agency was created by the Department of Transportation Act of 1966. The purpose of the FRA is to promulgate and enforce rail safety regulations,administer railroad assistance programs,conduct research and development in support of improved railroad safety and national rail transportation policy,provide for the rehabilitation of Northeast Corridor rail passenger service,and consolidate government support of rail transportation activities.
Edward Cullen is a character in the Twilight book series by Stephenie Meyer. He is featured in the novels Twilight,New Moon,Eclipse and Breaking Dawn,and their corresponding film adaptations,and the novel Midnight Sun—a re-telling of the events of Twilight from Edward's perspective. Edward is a telepathic vampire who,over the course of the series,falls in love with,marries,and fathers a child with Bella Swan,a human teenager who later chooses to become a vampire as well. In the films,Edward is played by actor Robert Pattinson.
Positive train control (PTC) is a family of automatic train protection systems deployed in the United States. Most of the United States' national rail network mileage has a form of PTC. These systems are generally designed to check that trains are moving safely and to stop them when they are not.
On May 28,2008,shortly before 6 p.m.,two westbound MBTA trains collided on the Green Line D branch between Woodland and Waban stations,behind 56 Dorset Road in Newton,Massachusetts. An investigation by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) originally found the cause of the accident to be due to the operator texting while driving,but the NTSB later found that the operator of the rear train,Terrese Edmonds,had not been using her cell phone at the time of the crash,but rather went into an episode of micro-sleep,causing her to lose awareness of her surroundings and miss potential hazards up ahead. The collision killed Edmonds,and numerous others were injured. Fourteen passengers were taken to area hospitals;one was airlifted. This crash,along with another similar accident a year later,led the NTSB to set higher standards and regulations regarding the use of cell phones while operating a train.
The 2008 Chatsworth train collision occurred at 4:22:23 p.m. PDT on September 12,2008,when a Union Pacific Railroad freight train and a Metrolink commuter rail passenger train collided head-on in the Chatsworth neighborhood of Los Angeles,California,United States.
The Ministry of Health is the government ministry responsible for the governance and guidance of the health,healthcare and health industry of Vietnam. In conjunction with other ministries and the prime minister's office,the Ministry is responsible for creating and promulgating long-term health policy programs such as the "National Strategy on Nutrition for the 2001 - 2010 period" and the "National Policy on Injury Prevention 2002 - 2010". Its main offices are located in Ba Đình District,Hanoi.
The Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008 is a United States federal law,enacted by Congress to improve railroad safety. Among its provisions,the most notable was the mandate requiring positive train control (PTC) technology to be installed on most of the US railroad network by 2015. This was spurred by the 2008 Chatsworth train collision the month prior to passage of the act. After two delays,the technology was operational on all required railroads by the end of 2020.
The American Journal of Preventive Medicine is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal that publishes articles in the areas of prevention research,teaching,practice and policy. Original research is published on interventions aimed at the prevention of chronic and acute disease and the promotion of individual and community health,as well as health services research pertinent to prevention and public health. Papers also address educational initiatives aimed at improving the ability of health professionals to provide effective clinical prevention and public health services. The journal periodically publishes supplements issues devoted to areas of current interest to the prevention community.
Deborah A.P. Hersman is a former board member of the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board who served as its 12th chairman. She completed two terms as chairman and was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on October 16,2013,for a third term. On March 11,2014,she announced she would join the National Safety Council as its president and CEO. She is currently the chief safety officer at Waymo.
On the morning of December 1,2013,a Metro-North Railroad Hudson Line passenger train derailed near the Spuyten Duyvil station in the New York City borough of the Bronx. Four of the 115 passengers were killed and another 61 injured;the accident caused $9 million worth of damage. It was the deadliest train accident within New York City since a 1991 subway derailment in Manhattan,and the first accident in Metro-North's history to result in passenger fatalities. The additional $60 million in legal claims paid out as of 2020 have also made it the costliest accident in Metro-North's history.
On the evening of February 3,2015,a commuter train on Metro-North Railroad's Harlem Line struck a passenger car at a grade crossing near Valhalla,New York,United States,between the Valhalla and Mount Pleasant stations,killing six people and injuring 15 others,seven very seriously. The crash is the deadliest in Metro-North's history,and at the time the deadliest rail accident in the United States since the June 2009 Washington Metro train collision,which killed nine passengers and injured 80.
SS El Faro was a United States-flagged,combination roll-on/roll-off and lift-on/lift-off cargo ship crewed by U.S. merchant mariners. Built in 1975 by Sun Shipbuilding &Drydock Co. as Puerto Rico,the vessel was renamed Northern Lights in 1991 and,finally,El Faro in 2006. She was lost at sea with her entire crew of 33 on October 1,2015,after steaming into the eyewall of Hurricane Joaquin.
David A. Sleet is an American scientist recognized for championing the application of behavioral science to unintentional injury prevention and helping to establish injury prevention as a global public health concern. He has published hundreds of articles and book chapters and was co-editor of the Handbook of Injury and Violence Prevention.;Injury and Violence Prevention:Behavioral Science Theories;Derryberry’s Educating for Health;and the international prize-winning World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention.
On September 29,2016,an NJ Transit commuter train crashed at Hoboken Terminal in Hoboken,New Jersey. The accident occurred during the morning rush hour,at one of the busiest transportation hubs in the New York metropolitan area. One person died,and 114 others were injured. The train operator,who was in the cab car,was among the injured.
Brian A. Primack is a higher education administrator,medical researcher,author,and speaker with expertise in interrelationships among media,technology,and health. He is dean of the College of Health at Oregon State University. He is the author of You Are What You Click:How Being Selective,Positive,and Creative Can Transform Your Social Media Experience.
