Matthew the Apostle is named in the New Testament as one of the twelve apostles of Jesus. According to Christian traditions,he was also one of the four Evangelists as author of the Gospel of Matthew,and thus is also known as Matthew the Evangelist,a claim rejected by most biblical scholars,though the "traditional authorship still has its defenders."
Year 1252 (MCCLII) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.
McCulloch v. Maryland,17 U.S. 316 (1819),was a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision that defined the scope of the U.S. Congress's legislative power and how it relates to the powers of American state legislatures. The dispute in McCulloch involved the legality of the national bank and a tax that the state of Maryland imposed on it. In its ruling,the Supreme Court established firstly that the "Necessary and Proper" Clause of the U.S. Constitution gives the U.S. federal government certain implied powers necessary and proper for the exercise of the powers enumerated explicitly in the Constitution,and secondly that the American federal government is supreme over the states,and so states' ability to interfere with the federal government is restricted. Since the legislature has the authority to tax and spend,the court held that it therefore has authority to establish a national bank,as being "necessary and proper" to that end.
Among the Haudenosaunee the Great Law of Peace,also known as Gayanashagowa,is the oral constitution of the Iroquois Confederacy. The law was written on wampum belts,conceived by Dekanawidah,known as the Great Peacemaker,and his spokesman Hiawatha. The original five member nations ratified this constitution near modern-day Victor,New York,with the sixth nation being added in 1722.
The Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL) is a black nationalist fraternal organization founded by Marcus Garvey,a Jamaican immigrant to the United States,and Amy Ashwood Garvey. The Pan-African organization enjoyed its greatest strength in the 1920s,and was influential prior to Garvey's deportation to Jamaica in 1927. After that its prestige and influence declined,but it had a strong influence on African-American history and development. The UNIA was said to be "unquestionably,the most influential anticolonial organization in Jamaica prior to 1938," according to Honor Ford-Smith.
Philosophy of sex is an aspect of applied philosophy involved with the study of sex and love. It includes both ethics of phenomena such as prostitution,rape,sexual harassment,sexual identity,the age of consent,homosexuality,and conceptual analysis of more universal questions such as "what is sex?" It also includes matters of sexuality and sexual identity and the ontological status of gender. Leading contemporary philosophers of sex include Alan Soble,Judith Butler,and Raja Halwani.
Sir Charles Gavan Duffy,KCMG,PC,was an Irish poet and journalist,Young Irelander and tenant-rights activist. After emigrating to Australia in 1856 he entered the politics of Victoria on a platform of land reform,and in 1871–1872 served as the colony's 8th Premier.
The American Enlightenment was a period of intellectual and philosophical fervor in the thirteen American colonies in the 18th to 19th century,which led to the American Revolution and the creation of the United States of America. The American Enlightenment was influenced by the 17th- and 18th-century Age of Enlightenment in Europe and native American philosophy. According to James MacGregor Burns,the spirit of the American Enlightenment was to give Enlightenment ideals a practical,useful form in the life of the nation and its people.
In United States law,the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution,together with that Amendment's Free Exercise Clause,form the constitutional right of freedom of religion. The relevant constitutional text is:
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion...
Michael William McConnell is an American jurist who served as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit from 2002 to 2009. Since 2009,McConnell has been a professor and Director of the Stanford Constitutional Law Center at Stanford Law School. He is also a senior fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution,and Senior Of Counsel to the Litigation Practice Group at Wilson Sonsini Goodrich &Rosati. In May 2020,Facebook appointed him to its content oversight board. In 2020,McConnell published The President Who Would Not Be King:Executive Power under the Constitution under Princeton University Press.
Mark Victor Tushnet is an American legal scholar. He specializes in constitutional law and theory,including comparative constitutional law,and is currently the William Nelson Cromwell Professor of Law at Harvard Law School. Tushnet is identified with the critical legal studies movement.
Thomas McIntyre Cooley was the 25th Justice and a Chief Justice of the Michigan Supreme Court,between 1864 and 1885. Born in Attica,New York,he was father to Charles Cooley,a distinguished American sociologist. He was a charter member and first chairman of the Interstate Commerce Commission (1887).
Paul Finkelman is an American legal historian,the Robert E. and Susan T. Rydell Visiting Professor at Gustavus Adolphus College in St. Peter,Minnesota,and a research affiliate at the Max and Tessie Zelikovitz Centre for Jewish Studies,Carleton University,Ottawa,Canada. He is the author or editor of more than 50 books on American legal and constitutional history,slavery,general American history and baseball. In addition,he has authored more than 200 scholarly articles on these and many other subjects. From 2017 - 2022,Finkelman served as the President and Chancellor of Gratz College,Melrose Park,Pennsylvania.
The Rehnquist Court was the period in the history of the Supreme Court of the United States during which William Rehnquist served as Chief Justice. Rehnquist succeeded Warren Burger as Chief Justice after the latter's retirement,and Rehnquist held this position until his death in 2005,at which point John Roberts was nominated and confirmed as Rehnquist's replacement. The Rehnquist Court is generally considered to be more conservative than the preceding Burger Court,but not as conservative as the succeeding Roberts Court. According to Jeffrey Rosen,Rehnquist combined an amiable nature with great organizational skill,and he "led a Court that put the brakes on some of the excesses of the Earl Warren era while keeping pace with the sentiments of a majority of the country."
George Alexander McGuire was the founder of the African Orthodox Church,and a prominent member of Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA).
The Reference and User Services Association (RUSA) annual Outstanding Reference Sources awards are considered the highest awards honoring academic reference books or media. Besides these awards,the American Library Association (ALA) also grants other medals and honors including the Andrew Carnegie Medals for Excellence in Fiction and Nonfiction and the Dartmouth Medal for the "creation of a reference work of outstanding quality and significance." In addition,the ALA List of Notable Books for Adults,selected by the RUSA Notable Books Council,has been chosen yearly since 1944.
James Wilson was a Scottish-born American Founding Father,legal scholar,jurist,and statesman who served as an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court from 1789 to 1798. Wilson was elected twice to the Continental Congress,was a signatory of the Declaration of Independence,and was a major participant in drafting the U.S. Constitution. A leading legal theorist,he was one of the first four Associate Justices appointed to the Supreme Court by George Washington. In his capacity as the first professor of law at the College of Philadelphia,he taught the first course on the new Constitution to President Washington and his Cabinet in 1789 and 1790.
Barbara Ann Perry is a presidency and U.S. Supreme Court expert,as well as a biographer of the Kennedys. She is also the Gerald L. Baliles Professor and Director of Presidential Studies at the University of Virginia's Miller Center,where she co-chairs the Presidential Oral History Program. As an oral historian,Perry has conducted more than 100 interviews for the George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush Presidential Oral History Projects,researched the President Clinton Project interviews,and directed the Edward Kennedy Oral History Project.
John William McGarvey was a minister,author,and religious educator in the American Restoration Movement. He was particularly associated with the College of the Bible in Lexington,Kentucky where he taught for 46 years,serving as president from 1895 to 1911. He was noted for his opposition to theological liberalism and higher criticism. His writings are still influential among the heirs of the conservative wing of the Restoration Movement,the Churches of Christ and Christian churches and churches of Christ.
The constitutional law of the United States is the body of law governing the interpretation and implementation of the United States Constitution. The subject concerns the scope of power of the United States federal government compared to the individual states and the fundamental rights of individuals. The ultimate authority upon the interpretation of the Constitution and the constitutionality of statutes,state and federal,lies with the Supreme Court of the United States.
