Tom Bruce | |
---|---|
Academic background | |
Education | Yale University (BA, MFA) |
Academic work | |
Discipline | Legal information retrieval |
Institutions | Cornell University |
Thomas R. "Tom" Bruce is an American academic and former software engineer who co-founded the Legal Information Institute at Cornell Law School with Peter Martin in 1992. [1]
Bruce earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Yale University and a Master of Fine Arts in stage management from the School of Drama at Yale University.[ citation needed ]
After graduating from Yale,Bruce worked as a stage and production manager for the Spoleto Festival USA,Texas Opera Theater,American Repertory Theater,and Greater Miami Opera. He joined Cornell Law School in 1988 as director of educational technologies. In 1992,Bruce co-founded the Legal Information Institute at Cornell. [2] He is the author of Cello,the first Web browser for Microsoft Windows. [3] [4] [5] Cello was first released on June 8,1993. [6]
Cello is an early,discontinued graphical web browser for Windows 3.1;it was developed by Thomas R. Bruce of the Legal Information Institute at Cornell Law School. It was released as shareware in 1993. While other browsers ran on various Unix machines,Cello was the first web browser for Microsoft Windows,using the winsock system to access the Internet. In addition to the basic Windows,Cello worked on Windows NT 3.5 and with small modifications on OS/2.
Cornell Law School is the law school of Cornell University,a private Ivy League university in Ithaca,New York. One of the five Ivy League law schools,it offers four law degree programs,JD,LLM,MSLS and JSD,along with several dual-degree programs in conjunction with other professional schools at the university. Established in 1887 as Cornell's Department of Law,the school today is one of the smallest top-tier JD-conferring institutions in the country,with around 200 students graduating each year.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to software engineering:
Jeremy Waldron is a New Zealand professor of law and philosophy. He holds a University Professorship at the New York University School of Law,is affiliated with the New York University Department of Philosophy,and was formerly the Chichele Professor of Social and Political Theory at All Souls College,Oxford University. Waldron also holds an adjunct professorship at Victoria University of Wellington. Waldron is regarded as one of the world's leading legal and political philosophers.
Legal research is "the process of identifying and retrieving information necessary to support legal decision-making. In its broadest sense,legal research includes each step of a course of action that begins with an analysis of the facts of a problem and concludes with the application and communication of the results of the investigation."
The Free Access to Law Movement (FALM) is the international organization devoted to providing free online access to legal information such as case law,legislation,treaties,law reform proposals and legal scholarship. The movement began in 1992 with the creation of the Legal Information Institute (LII) by Thomas R. Bruce and Peter W. Martin at Cornell Law School. Some later FALM projects incorporate Legal Information Institute or LII in their names,usually prefixed by a national or regional identifier.
The Legal Information Institute (LII) is a non-profit public service of Cornell Law School that provides no-cost access to current American and international legal research sources online. Founded in 1992 by Peter Martin and Tom Bruce,LII was the first law site developed on the internet. LII electronically publishes on the Web the U.S. Code,U.S. Supreme Court opinions,Uniform Commercial Code,the US Code of Federal Regulations,several Federal Rules,and a variety of other American primary law materials. LII also provides access to other national and international sources,such as treaties and United Nations materials. According to its website,the LII serves over 40 million unique visitors per year.
Pamela Samuelson is the Richard M. Sherman '74 Distinguished Professor of Law and Information Management at the University of California,Berkeley with a joint appointment in the UC Berkeley School of Information and Boalt Hall,the School of Law.
Robert Sanford Brustein was an American theatrical critic,producer,playwright,writer,and educator. He founded both the Yale Repertory Theatre in New Haven,Connecticut,and the American Repertory Theater in Cambridge,Massachusetts,where he was a creative consultant until his death,and was the theatre critic for The New Republic. He commented on politics for the HuffPost.
Jack M. Balkin is an American legal scholar. He is the Knight Professor of Constitutional Law and the First Amendment at Yale Law School. Balkin is the founder and director of the Yale Information Society Project (ISP),a research center whose mission is "to study the implications of the Internet,telecommunications,and the new information technologies for law and society." He also directs the Knight Law and Media Program and the Abrams Institute for Free Expression at Yale Law School.
Wex is a collaboratively-edited legal dictionary and encyclopaedia,intended for broad use by "practically everyone,even law students and lawyers entering new areas of law".
Andrei Șerban is a Romanian-American theater director. A major name in twentieth-century theater,he is renowned for his innovative and iconoclastic interpretations and stagings. In 1992 he became Professor of Theater at the Columbia University School of the Arts,a position he resigned from in 2019,citing oppressive pressure in the name of "political correctness" on a level which reminded him of communist Romania.
Computer-assisted legal research (CALR) or computer-based legal research is a mode of legal research that uses databases of court opinions,statutes,court documents,and secondary material. Electronic databases make large bodies of case law easily available. Databases also have additional benefits,such as Boolean searches,evaluating case authority,organizing cases by topic,and providing links to cited material. Databases are available through paid subscription or for free.
A web browser is a software application for retrieving,presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. It further provides for the capture or input of information which may be returned to the presenting system,then stored or processed as necessary. The method of accessing a particular page or content is achieved by entering its address,known as a Uniform Resource Identifier or URI. This may be a web page,image,video,or other piece of content. Hyperlinks present in resources enable users easily to navigate their browsers to related resources. A web browser can also be defined as an application software or program designed to enable users to access,retrieve and view documents and other resources on the Internet.
Charles Thomas Osborne was an Australian journalist,theatre and opera critic,poet and novelist. He was the assistant editor of The London Magazine from 1958 until 1966,literature director of the Arts Council of Great Britain from 1971 until 1986,and chief theatre critic of Daily Telegraph (London) from 1986 to 1991.
Electronically stored information (ESI),for the purpose of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (FRCP) is information created,manipulated,communicated,stored,and best utilized in digital form,requiring the use of computer hardware and software.
Legal awareness,sometimes called public legal education or legal literacy,is the empowerment of individuals regarding issues involving the law. Legal awareness helps to promote consciousness of legal culture,participation in the formation of laws and the rule of law.
Legal technology,also known as Legal Tech,refers to the use of technology and software to provide legal services and support the legal industry. Legal Tech companies are often startups founded with the purpose of disrupting the traditionally conservative legal market.
Stanley Walden is an American composer,musical performer,and professor of musical theater. He has written music for the theater in America and Europe,as well as for the concert stage. He has also been a clarinetist,actor and director. He is perhaps best known for writing music and lyrics of the revue Oh! Calcutta! He has also written a number of song cycles.
tom bruce cello.