 | The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with Indonesia and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject.(August 2022) |
In the Indonesian military, titular and honorary ranks are two different types of special military ranks. Unlike the normal rank in the Indonesian military, titular and honorary ranks could be given to civilians who served temporarily in the military or contributed to the military.
Titular rank have been given since the Indonesian National Revolution. During the revolution, the office of governors, residents, and regents were transformed into military offices, which allowed them to regulate military affairs in their region. In their capacity, they were given titular military ranks. Military governors were given the titular rank of general major, military residents were given the titular rank of lieutenant colonel, and military regents were given the titular rank of major. [1]
Several military offices during the revolution also involve civilian officeholders. An example of this is the Army Political Education Staff and the Military Court. The Army Political Education Staff, which was intended to educate the military on non-military matters, consisted of civilians. As such, these civilians were given the titular rank of major general. [2] Similarly, the military court during the revolution was filled with civilian judges due to the lack of military officers with law backgrounds. These civilian judges were given titular ranks, with the highest being the titular rank of lieutenant general for the chief justice of the supreme army court and the lowest being the titular rank of captain for the court clerk. [3]
The first regulation on titular ranks was enacted on 1 August 1946 with the Government Decree No. 7 of 1946. The regulation specifies the use of titular ranks within the military courts. [4] The decree was later amended with the enactment of Government Decree No. 45 of 1948 on 9 October 1948. [5]
Regulations about special military ranks were later merged to the Government Decree No. 36 of 1959, which was enacted on 26 June 1959. [6]
Honorary ranks are usually given as a promotion to retired military officers. [17] Retired military officers who serve as ministers usually received honorary rank promotion. [18]
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