Politics in North Macedonia occur within the framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister is the head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. The Economist Intelligence Unit rated North Macedonia a "flawed democracy" in 2022.
Alexander Joseph, known as Alexander of Battenberg, was the first prince (knyaz) of the autonomous Principality of Bulgaria from 1878 until his abdication in 1886.
The National Assembly (Bulgarian: Народно събрание, romanized: Narodno Sabranie is the unicameral parliament and legislative body of the Republic of Bulgaria. The first National Assembly was established in 1879 with the Tarnovo Constitution.
Prince (Knyaz) Alexander Stefanov Bogoridi was an Ottoman statesman of Bulgarian origin.
Andrey Tasev Lyapchev (Tarpov) (Bulgarian: Андрей Тасев Ляпчев (Tърпов)) (30 November 1866 – 6 November 1933) was a Bulgarian Prime Minister in three consecutive governments.
Todor Stoyanov Burmov was a leading Bulgarian Conservative Party politician and the first Prime Minister of an independent Bulgaria.
Kliment of Tarnovo, was a leading Bulgarian clergyman and politician. He was also a writer and one of the founders of the Bulgarian Literature Society in 1869.
Dimitar Panayotov Grekov was a leading Bulgarian liberal politician who also served as Prime Minister.
Friedrich Grünanger was a Transylvanian Austrian architect who worked primarily in Bulgaria.
Tsar Osvoboditel Boulevard is a boulevard in the centre of Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria. It lies between Orlov most to the east and Nezavisimost Square to the west, where it merges with Knyaz Aleksandar Dondukov Boulevard to form Todor Aleksandrov Boulevard west of the square. It is named after the Russian Tsar Alexander II of Russia because of his role in the Liberation of Bulgaria.
Bulgaria–Germany relations are foreign relations between Bulgaria and Germany. Bulgaria has an embassy in Berlin, a general-consulate in Munich and an office in Bonn. Germany has an embassy in Sofia. As EU members, the Bulgarian government views Germany as its key strategic partner in the EU. Some Bulgarian government ministers and former President Plevneliev speak German. German experts have been and still are active in an advisory capacity in Bulgarian government ministries as part of continuing implementation measures connected with the country's EU accession. Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe, the European Union and NATO.
Grigor Dimitrov Nachovich was a Bulgarian politician and diplomat. One of the early leaders of the Conservative Party and the country's first Minister of Finance, he served as a minister in a number of Bulgarian governments from the late 1879 to 1900, and was also mayor of Sofia in 1896–1897.
Georgi Valkovich Cholakov was a Bulgarian physician, diplomat and conservative politician. Among the leading surgeons in the Ottoman Empire, Valkovich became one of the leaders of the Conservative Party after the Liberation of Bulgaria in 1878. During Stefan Stambolov's government (1887–1894), he was a Bulgarian diplomatic deputy in Constantinople (Istanbul), where he was murdered by political opponents.
Georgi Ivanov Stranski was a Bulgarian physician and politician. A close friend of Hristo Botev, Stranski was an active member of various organizations founded by Bulgarian emigrants in Romania. After the Liberation of Bulgaria in 1878, Stranski was one of the leaders of the Liberal Party of Eastern Rumelia, and its successor after the Bulgarian unification in 1885, the all-Bulgarian People's Liberal Party of Stefan Stambolov. Between the accomplishment of the Bulgarian unification on 6 September 1885 and its international recognition in mid-1886, Stranski was the only ever Commissar of South Bulgaria.
The Conservative Party was a Bulgarian party which existed between 1879 and 1884. It was linked with the newspapers Vitosha, Balgarski Glas and Otechestvo.
The eighty-eighth cabinet of Bulgaria, also known as the Sakskoburggotski Government and informally as the Tsar's cabinet, ruled from July 24, 2001 to August 17, 2005. Although the National Movement Simeon II won half the National Assembly seats in the 2001 parliamentary election, and therefore could have probably governed alone, a cabinet was formed as a coalition between the winners and the Movement for Rights and Freedoms. Although not in a coalition with the Tsar's party, the Bulgarian Socialist Party held two cabinet posts as well. Their members sat as independents.
The Bulgarian coup d'état of 1886, also known as the 9 August coup d'état was an attempted dethronement of Knyaz Alexander Battenberg in Principality of Bulgaria, carried out on 9 August 1886. Although unsuccessful, the event led to the abdication of Alexander Battenberg.
In Bulgaria, a Grand National Assembly is a special meeting of the National Assembly which may be convened in order for matters of special jurisdiction.
The government of Bishop Kliment of Tarnovo was the second government of the Principality of Bulgaria, appointed by Alexander I of Battenberg with Decree No. 334 from 24 November 1879. It was for the most part a transitional government, made up at the time of a great political crisis, caused by the refusal of the liberals to govern together with the conservatives. On 24 November 1879 the Bulgarian Knyaz dissolved the first National Assembly and appointed a new conservative cabinet headed by Bishop Kliment of Tarnovo. The cabinet lasted until 26 March 1880 when it was dissolved after another win for the Liberal party at the elections for the 2nd National Assembly.
