Indigenous peoples once comprised an estimated 2,000 tribes and nations inhabiting what is now the country of Brazil, before European contact around 1500 AD.
Terra indígena Raposa/Serra do Sol is an indigenous territory in Brazil, intended to be home to the Macushi people. It is located in the northern half of the Brazilian state of Roraima and is the largest in that country and one of the world's largest, with an area of 1,743,089 hectares and a perimeter of about 1,000 kilometres (620 mi).
The Fundação Nacional dos Povos Indígenas or FUNAI is a Brazilian governmental protection agency for Amerindian interests and their culture.
The Kalungas are Brazilians that descend from people who freed themselves from slavery, and lived in remote settlements in Goiás state, Brazil. The Kalungas are one group of Quilombola, or people of African origin who live in hinterland settlements founded during the period of escaped slaves. Most of the approximately 5,000 Kalungas, who are of mixed African and indigenous ancestry, live in very poor conditions. In Zambia, the name Kalunga is of Bantu origin and means "Hunter or accurate hunter".
A quilombola is an Afro-Brazilian resident of quilombo settlements first established by escaped slaves in Brazil. They are the descendants of Afro-Brazilian slaves who escaped from slave plantations that existed in Brazil until abolition in 1888. The most famous quilombola was Zumbi and the most famous quilombo was Palmares. Many quilombolas live in poverty.
In Brazil, an Indigenous territory or Indigenous land is an area inhabited and exclusively possessed by Indigenous people. Article 231 of the Brazilian Constitution recognises the inalienable right of Indigenous peoples to lands they "traditionally occupy" and automatically confers them permanent possession of these lands. In practice, however, a multi-stage demarcation process is required for a TI to gain full protection, and this has often entailed protracted legal battles. Even after demarcation, TIs are frequently subject to illegal invasions by settlers and mining and logging companies.
The Ministry of Agrarian Development and Family Agriculture is a cabinet-level federal ministry in Brazil.
The Ministry of Environment and Climate Change is a cabinet-level federal ministry in Brazil. The ministry emerged from the Special Secretariat for the Environment within the now-extinct Ministry of the Interior from 1974 to 1985. It has gone through several name changes since its inception.
The Indigenous Peoples' Games are a Brazilian multi-sport event for indigenous peoples, founded in 1996 by the Inter Tribal Council (ITC) with the support of the Brazilian Ministry of Sports. The first event was held in Goiania, capital of the State of Goias. The chief organiser of the sporting, traditional, cultural and spiritual side of the Games is the indigenous leader, President and founder of the ITC, Marcos Terena. His brother, Carlos Terena, is the Executive organiser of the Games. In total more than 150 Brazilian indigenous groups have participated so far, including the Xavante, Bororo, Pareci and Guarani peoples. Some international delegations from Canada and French Guiana have also taken part in later editions.
Joênia Wapichana is the first indigenous lawyer in Brazil and a member of the Wapixana tribe of northern Brazil. After taking a land dispute to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Wapixana became the first indigenous lawyer to argue before the Supreme Court of Brazil. She is the current president of the National Commission for the Defense of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.
The Rio Amapá Sustainable Development Reserve (Portuguese: Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Rio Amapá is a sustainable development reserve in the state of Amazonas, Brazil.
The Médio Purus Extractive Reserve is an extractive reserve in the state of Amazonas, Brazil.
The Uacari Sustainable Development Reserve is a sustainable development reserve in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. As of 2011 the reserve supported about 265 traditional extractive families.
The Prainha do Canto Verde Extractive Reserve is a marine extractive reserve in the state of Ceará, Brazil.
The Balaio Indigenous Territory is an indigenous territory in the northwest of the state of Amazonas, Brazil. The territory is home to small numbers of people from several different ethnic groups of the Arawak and Tucano linguistic families.. It is in the Amazon biome. The territory overlaps with a national park and a biological reserve, both technically fully protected areas. Mining concessions before the territory was recognized have been disallowed.
The Ministry of Indigenous Peoples is a cabinet-level federal ministry in Brazil. The ministry was established on 11 January 2023 under the government of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva to advance and protect the interests of the Indigenous people of Brazil.
Geraizeiro is the traditional inhabitant of the cerrados of northern Minas Gerais state, in the Southeast region of Brazil.
The Palmares Cultural Foundation is a Brazilian state-owned non-governmental organization which promotes Afro-Brazilian culture.
