The Malacca Sultanate was a Malay sultanate based in the modern-day state of Malacca,Malaysia. Conventional historical thesis marks c. 1400 as the founding year of the sultanate by King of Singapura,Parameswara,also known as Iskandar Shah,although earlier dates for its founding have been proposed. At the height of the sultanate's power in the 15th century,its capital grew into one of the most important transshipment ports of its time,with territory covering much of the Malay Peninsula,the Riau Islands and a significant portion of the northern coast of Sumatra in present-day Indonesia.
The Johor Sultanate was founded by Malaccan Sultan Mahmud Shah's son,Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah II in 1528.
Bendahara is an administrative position within classical Malay kingdoms comparable to a vizier before the intervention of European powers during the 19th century. A bendahara was appointed by a sultan and was a hereditary post. The bendahara and the sultan shared the same lineage.
Sultan Mahmud Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah ruled the Sultanate of Malacca from 1488 to 1511,and again as pretender to the throne from 1513 to 1528. He was son to Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah. As a monarch,he was known to be ruthless ruler. After the capture of Malacca and the downfall of the century long sultanate;Mahmud left for Bintan and became a leader of a small confederacy which led attacks against Portuguese-occupied Malacca in the late 1510s. After retaliation from the Portuguese in 1526,he fled to Riau and died there in 1528.
Bendahara Paduka Raja Tun Perak was the fifth and most famous bendahara,a Malay rank similar to a prime minister,of the Sultanate of Malacca. He served under four sultans from 1456 to 1498. Early in his life,Perak was a soldier-statesman for Malaccan rulers. In 1445,he led the Malaccan army to victory by defeating Siamese invaders. As a result,he was made bendahara in 1456.
Tun Fatimah was a well-known heroine and daughter of Tun Mutahir the Malaccan bendahara who lived during the 16th century. She was married to Malacca's Sultan Mahmud Shah.
Tun Muhammad bin Tun Ahmad,better known as Tun Sri Lanang,was the Bendahara of the royal Court of Johor Sultanate who lived between the 16th and 17th centuries. He served under two Sultans of Johor,namely;Sultan Ali Jalla Abdul Jalil Shah II (1570–1597) and Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah III (1597–1615) and also advisers to 3 Acheh sultans namely;Sultan Iskandar Muda,Sultan Iskandar Thani (1636–1641) and Sultana Tajul Alam Safiatuddin Shah (1641–1675). He had two honorific titles throughout his lifetime;as the Bendahara of Johor,Bendahara Paduka Raja Tun Mohamad,while he was given the title of Orang Kaya Dato' Bendahara Seri Paduka Tun Seberang after settling in Aceh.
Sultan Muzaffar Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Muhammad Shah was the fifth Sultan of Malacca. He ruled from 1446 to 1459. He is the son of Sultan Muhammad Shah. The original name of Sultan Muzaffar Shah is Raja Kassim and known as Sulutan Wudafona Sha in History of Ming of China.
Sultan Abu Syahid Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Muhammad Shah whose real name was Raja Ibrahim,was the 4th Sultan of the Malaccan Sultanate from 1444 to 1446. Despite the fact that Malacca was a Muslim kingdom,Syahid Shah was a practising Hindu. He styled himself as Raja Sri Parameswara Deva Shah. Appointment of Raja Ibrahim as 4th Sultan of Malacca was unpopular because of his young age. His predecessor,Sultan Muhammad Shah had allegedly seen the Islamic prophet Muhammad in his dream and converted to Islam. Syahid Shah on taking a Hindu title represented a traditionalist reaction in Malacca against Islam,the new religion. He reigned for only seventeen months,after which he was killed in a plot allegedly conspired by the Tamil Muslim Bendahara,,Raja Kassim,son of Muhammad Shah,Tun Perpatih Sedang and Datuk Bendahara Seri Amar Diraja. Syahid Shah was then given the title Abu Syahid,which means "the Martyred King".
Bendahara Sri Maharaja Tun Mutahir was a famous Bendahara of the Malaccan Sultanate. Of Tamil Muslim ancestry,he was the seventh Bendahara,a post equivalent to a prime minister. Prior to holding the post of Bendahara,he also held the post of Temenggung. He was also an influential Tamil Muslim leader in Malacca who elected Tamil Muslims to important posts in the Malaccan government.
Sultan of Pahang is the title of the hereditary constitutional head of Pahang,Malaysia. The current sultan is Al-Sultan Abdullah ibni Sultan Ahmad Shah. He is the Head of Islam in the state and the source of all titles,honours and dignities in the state. Historically,the title was also used by rulers of the Old Pahang Sultanate.
Dato' Bendahara Seri Maharaja Tun Habib Abdul Majid was the 19th Bendahara of the Johor Sultanate during the late 17th century. The Johor Sultanate under Sultan Mahmud Shah II saw a gradual decline of royal authority during Tun Habib's tenure as the Bendahara of Johor. Internal challenges within the Sultanate faced by Tun Habib consolidated his power as the Bendahara,in which case the Bendahara monopolised legitimate authority over the Johor Sultanate by the 1690s. After his death,Tun Habib's descendants spanned throughout the Johor Sultanate and established ruling houses in Riau-Lingga,Johor,Pahang and Terengganu.
Sri Paduka Dato' Bendahara Sri Maharaja Tun Muhammad Tahir ibni Almarhum Dato' Bendahara Sri Maharaja Tun Ali was the fifth Raja Bendahara of Pahang who ruled the state until his death in 1863 in the Pahang Civil War.
Sri Paduka Dato' Bendahara Paduka Raja Tun Abdul Majid ibni Almarhum Dato' Bendahara Sri Maharaja Tun Abbas, (1718–1802) was the 21st Bendahara of the Johor Sultanate,who was believed by historians to be the first Raja Bendahara of the Pahang Kingdom that gained effective control over the principality,following the gradual dissolution of the Johor by the end of the 18th century.
Sri Paduka Dato' Bendahara Sri Maharaja Tun Ali ibni Almarhum Dato' Bendahara Paduka Raja Tun Koris was the 23rd and the last Bendahara of Johor Sultanate,and the fourth Raja Bendahara of the Pahang Kingdom who reigned from 1806 to 1857.
The Pahang Civil War,also known as the Brothers War or the Bendahara War was a civil war fought from 1857 to 1863,between forces loyal to the reigning Raja Bendahara Tun Mutahir,and forces loyal to his brother Tun Ahmad,over the succession to the throne of Pahang.
The Pahang Sultanate also referred as the Old Pahang Sultanate,as opposed to the modern Pahang Sultanate,was a Malay Muslim state established in the eastern Malay Peninsula in the 15th century. At the height of its influence,the sultanate was an important power in Southeast Asian history and controlled the entire Pahang basin,bordering to the north,the Pattani Sultanate,and adjoined to that of Johor Sultanate to the south. To the west,it also extended jurisdiction over part of modern-day Selangor and Negeri Sembilan.
The Bendahara dynasty is the current ruling dynasty of Pahang,Terengganu and Johor Sultanate,a constituent state of Malaysia. The royal house were of noble origin,holding the hereditary position of Bendahara in the courts of Singapura,Melaka and Old Johor since at least from the end of the 13th century.
Paduka Sri Sultan Muzaffar Shah I ibni Almarhum Sultan Mahmud Shah (1505–1549) was the first Sultan of Perak from 1528 to 1549.
Paduka Sri Sultan Mansur Shah I ibni Almarhum Sultan Muzaffar Shah I was the second Sultan of Perak. He was the son of Sultan Muzaffar Shah I and Tun Terang,daughter of Tun Fatimah and Tun Ali.
