Turkoman Rebellion in Eastern Iran (1924–1926)

Turkoman Rebellion in Eastern Iran (1924-1926)
Date	1924-1926
Location	Eastern Iran
Result	Iranian victory
Territorial; changes	Faliure of the Soviets to establish a Turkic protectorate in eastern Iran;
Belligerents
Sublime State of Persia ; loyalist Kurdish tribes ; Quchan Kurds; Supported by; United Kingdom	Turkmen rebels rebel Kurdish tribes ; Shadillu kurds; Supported by; Soviet Union
Commanders and leaders
Reza Shah Pahlavi	Unknown
Strength
10,000—15,000	Unknown
Casualties and losses
Unknown	Unknown

Last updated December 07, 2024

The Turkoman Rebellion in Eastern Iran was a military uprising by the Iranian Turkmens with support of the rebellious Kurds and the Soviet union against the Sublime State of Persia under Reza Shah Pahlavi.^[1]

Background

At the time, Iran was facing numerous tribal rebellions which aimed at resisting Tehran's authority over their regions, Sheikh Khazal decided to resist the Central government's takeover of Khuzestan. The British relied upon Khazal because of the maintenance of the oilfields. The British had to think whether to continue the approach to khazal or to come to discussions with the central government in order to shape their influence in the region. Inspired from Khazal, Luristan rose under a rebellion by the Bayranvandis, in Fars and Isfahan the Qashqai, Bakhtiyaris remained unclear on their stance on the crisis and the British advised Khazal to accept the terms of the central government and soon the movement collapsed.^[2]^[3]

Battle

During the crisis in Khuzestan, the Iranian Turkmens rose in revolt against the central government.The Turkmens who had freed themselves from Russian rule as of 1917 had increased their rebellious activities.They soon began to threaten communications between Tehran and Khorasan. Upon the arrival of Reza Shah Pahlavi from Khuzestan he began large scale military campaigns to suppress the uprising. Government forces advanced in two columns among which one approached Mashhad and another Northern Independent Brigade column which had approached from Mazandaran, eventually encircled and deffeated the Turkomans by 1925.^[2]^[4]

Aftermath

1926 became a difficult year for the Iranians after fighting major rebellions in Azerbaijan, Khuzestan and the Kurds and a minor revolt throughout the nation, which questioned the authority of Reza.^[2]

Related Research Articles

This article focuses on the status of ethnic minorities in contemporary Iran.

Fazlollah Zahedi was an Iranian lieutenant general, statesman, and military strongman who replaced the Iranian Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh through a coup d'état supported by the United States and the United Kingdom.

Ahmad Hokmabadi Tabrizi, later known as Ahmad Kasravi, was a pre-eminent Iranian historian, jurist, linguist, theologian, a staunch secularist and intellectual. He was a professor of law at the University of Tehran, as well as an attorney and judge in Tehran, Iran.

Khazʽal bin Jabir bin Merdaw al-Kaʽbi, Muaz us-Sultana, and Sardar-e-Aqdas, was the Ruler of Arabistan, the Sheikh of Mohammerah from the Kasebite clan of the Banu Ka'b, of which he was the Sheikh of Sheikhs, the Overlord of the Mehaisan tribal confederation and the Ruler of the Shatt al-Arab.

Khuzestan province is located in southwestern Iran. Its history extends from the pre-Aryan ancient Elamite civilization to the modern-day Islamic Republic.

The 1975 Algiers Agreement, also known as the Algiers Accord and the Algiers Declaration, was signed between Iran and Iraq to settle any outstanding territorial disputes along the Iran–Iraq border. Mediated by Algeria, it served as the basis for additional bilateral treaties signed on 13 June 1975 and 26 December 1975. The territorial disputes in question concerned Iraq's Shatt al-Arab and Iran's Khuzestan Province, and Iraq had wished to negotiate to end Iran's support for the then-ongoing Iraqi Kurdish rebellion after suffering a military defeat in the 1974–1975 Shatt al-Arab conflict. On 17 September 1980, shortly after the Iranian Revolution, the Iraqi government abrogated the treaty in light of another series of cross-border clashes between the two countries. On 22 September 1980, the treaty was completely voided with the Iraqi invasion of Iran, which triggered the eight-year-long Iran–Iraq War.

The Sheikh Said rebellion was a Kurdish nationalist and Islamist rebellion in Southeast Turkey in 1925 led by Sheikh Said and with support of the Azadî against the newly-founded Turkish Republic. The rebellion was mostly led by Zaza speakers, but also gained support among some of the neighboring Kurmanji-speaking Kurds in the region.

1921 Persian coup d'état, known in Iran as 3 Esfand 1299 coup d'état, refers to several major events in Qajar Persia in 1921, which eventually led to the deposition of the Qajar dynasty and the establishment of the Pahlavi dynasty as the ruling house of Iran in 1925.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Simko Shikak revolt (1918–1922)</span> Kurdish uprising in Iran

The Simko Shikak revolt refers to an armed Ottoman-backed tribal Kurdish uprising against the Qajar dynasty of Iran from 1918 to 1922, led by Kurdish chieftain Simko Shikak from the Shekak tribe.

The 1979 Khuzestan uprising was one of the nationwide uprisings in Iran, which erupted in the aftermath of the Iranian Revolution. The unrest was fed by Arab demands for autonomy. The uprising was effectively quelled by Iranian security forces, resulting in more than a hundred people on both sides killed.

Kurdish separatism in Iran or the Kurdish–Iranian conflict is an ongoing, long-running, separatist dispute between the Kurdish opposition in Western Iran and the governments of Iran, lasting since the emergence of Reza Shah Pahlavi in 1918.

Arab separatism in Khuzestan was a decades-long separatist Arab movement in the western part of the Khuzestan Province in Iran.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sheikh Khazal rebellion</span> 1924 failed Arab separatist uprising in Iran

The Sheikh Khazal rebellion refers to the 1924 Arab separatist uprising by Khazal al-Kabi, the Sheikh of Muhammara, in Iranian Khuzestan. The rebellion was quickly and efficiently suppressed by Reza Shah with minimal casualties, subduing the Bakhtiari tribes allied with Sheikh Khazal and resulting in his surrender and the end of Arab autonomy in Khuzestan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Simko Shikak revolt (1926)</span> Kurdish uprising in Iran

1926 Simko Shikak revolt was a short-timed Kurdish uprising against the Pahlavi dynasty of Iran in 1926, led by Kurdish chieftain Simko Shikak from Shikak tribe.

The Hama Rashid revolt was a tribal uprising in Pahlavi Iran, during the Second World War, following the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran. The tribal revolt erupted in the general atmosphere of anarchy throughout Iran and its main faction was led by Muhammed Rashid, lasting from 27 September 1941 until May 1942 and then re-erupted in 1944, resulting in Rashid's defeat.

The Imperial State of Iran, officially known in English as the Imperial State of Persia until 1935, and commonly referred to as Pahlavi Iran, was the Iranian state under the rule of the Pahlavi dynasty. The Pahlavi dynasty was created in 1925 and lasted until 1979, when it was ousted as part of the Islamic Revolution, which ended Iran's continuous monarchy and established the current Islamic Republic of Iran.

Iranian Kurdistan or Eastern Kurdistan is an unofficial name for the parts of northwestern Iran with either a majority or sizable population of Kurds. Geographically, it includes the West Azerbaijan Province, Kurdistan Province, Kermanshah Province, Ilam Province and parts of Hamadan Province and Lorestan Province.

Meguertitch Khan Davidkhanian (1902-1983) was an Iranian general, politician, statesman, and a member of the Davidkhanian family.

References

↑ Burrell, Robert Michael; Jarman, Robert L. (1997). Iran: 1924-1926. Archive Editions. ISBN 978-1-85207-710-5.
1 2 3 Cronin, Stephanie (2012-11-12). The Making of Modern Iran: State and Society under Riza Shah, 1921-1941. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-02694-2.
↑ Olson, Robert W. (1996). Imperial Meanderings and Republican By-ways: Essays on Eighteenth Century Ottoman and Twentieth Century History of Turkey. Isis Press. ISBN 978-975-428-097-5.
↑ Olson, Robert (2013-12-18). The Emergence of Kurdish Nationalism and the Sheikh Said Rebellion, 1880–1925. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-76412-5.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

[1] Burrell, Robert Michael; Jarman, Robert L. (1997). Iran: 1924-1926. Archive Editions. ISBN 978-1-85207-710-5.

[auto-2] 1 2 3 Cronin, Stephanie (2012-11-12). The Making of Modern Iran: State and Society under Riza Shah, 1921-1941. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-02694-2.

[3] Olson, Robert W. (1996). Imperial Meanderings and Republican By-ways: Essays on Eighteenth Century Ottoman and Twentieth Century History of Turkey. Isis Press. ISBN 978-975-428-097-5.

[4] Olson, Robert (2013-12-18). The Emergence of Kurdish Nationalism and the Sheikh Said Rebellion, 1880–1925. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-76412-5.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]