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Kamma is a largely Hindu caste from South India. The community of Kammas is believed to have originated from agriculturists of the Kammanadu region of the erstwhile Guntur district and Ongole division in Andhra Pradesh. Propelled by their military activity in the Vijayanagara Empire, Kammas are believed to have spread out from the region during the Vijayanagara period, followed by some in-migration during the British period and out-migration again during the twentieth century. Today they are regarded as the richest group in Andhra Pradesh and are a dominant caste from Coastal Andhra with socio-economic and political prominence throughout the Telugu-speaking regions of India.
Naidu is a native Telugu surname commonly used by some Forward Telugu castes. 'Nayudu/Naidu' (నాయుడు) is a contraction of the Telugu word 'Nayakudu' (నాయకుడు) meaning leader, chief, headman. Telugu castes such as the Kamma, Velama, Kapu, Telaga, Balija, Gavara, Golla, Mudiraju, Turpu Kapu, and Boya, same as Rajputs in the northern part of India, use the said title.
Reddy is a caste that originated in India, predominantly settled in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. They are classified as a forward caste.
Telugu Brahmins are Telugu-speaking Brahmin communities native to the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. They fall under the Pancha Dravida Brahmin classification of the Brahmin community in India. Telugu Brahmins are further divided into sections like Vaidiki, Niyogi, Deshastha, Dravida, Golkonda Vyapari among others.
Cottari Subbanna Nayudu was an Indian cricketer who played in eleven Tests from 1934 to 1952. He was an allrounder, and had a distinguished Ranji Trophy career between 1931–32 and 1961–62. He was the younger brother of the cricketer C. K. Nayudu.
Chuhra, also known as Bhanghi and Balmiki, is a Dalit caste in India and Pakistan. Populated regions include the Punjab region of India and Pakistan, as well as Uttar Pradesh in India, among other parts of the Indian subcontinent such as southern India. Their traditional occupation is sweeping, a "polluting" occupation that caused them to be considered untouchables in the caste system.
The Raju are a Telugu caste found mostly in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.
Velama is an upper caste found mainly in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. The earliest occurrence of Velama as a term for a community dates from the 17th century. In caste based hierarchy they hold the highest position along with Reddy, Kapu/Telaga and Kamma castes. In Telangana they are called "Dora"(Lord) by other castes, a term that implies a high level of respect. Modern Velama Community is divided into four major groups Padmanayaka Velama, Adi Velama,Koppula Velama and Polinati Velama all are part of the same social group.
The Nayak, or Naik is a historic Indian title conferred on military captains and governors of feudal states in the Middle Ages. Today it is also a surname. Nayaks are mostly Hindu and few Sikhs, who follow Hinduism and Sikhism respectively.
Kapu is a Hindu caste mainly found in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. They are classified as a Forward caste. They are a community of land-owning agriculturists. Historically, they have also been warriors and military generals (Nayakas) in Hindu armies. They are a dominant caste of Andhra Pradesh. Kapus commonly carry the title Naidu. They are primarily present in Coastal Andhra with major concentration in the Godavari-Krishna delta region.
Gavara is a term used to refer to four different South Indian communities.
Telaga is a community found in Coastal Andhra region of India. Telaga is a subcaste of Kapu and both terms are often used synonymously. They are classified as a Forward caste. They are a land-owning agrarian community. Historically, they were a warrior caste known for their honour and bravery.
Munnuru Kapu is a Telugu-speaking caste primarily found in the Indian state of Telangana. Traditionally, they are a community of cultivators and are distributed across Telangana. They are also present in Nanded and Latur districts of Maharashtra. Munnuru Kapus are distinct from the Kapu caste of Coastal Andhra.
Settibalija refers to two distinct and completely unrelated communities in Andhra Pradesh, India. The term Setti Balija historically referred to a sub-caste of the Balija community. These Setti Balijas were a prominent mercantile community of South India with a history dating back to the Vijayanagara Empire. They are currently found in the Rayalaseema region and are classified as a Forward Caste.
Kālingi is a Hindu caste residing in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Odisha. In Andhra, they are primarily found in the erstwhile Srikakulam district with smaller numbers in neighbouring districts. They are predominantly a caste of High status lineage of Vedic religion.kalingas have Rishi gotras .kalingas are original natives of Kalinga and that name derived from them to the region .kalingas were also mentioned in mahabarata war .Some of the community members also served as temple priests in the past. They are categorized as an Other Backward Classes (OBC) by the Government of Andhra Pradesh.
Bagata people are one of the tribal ethnic groups of India, mainly concentrated in Andhrapradesh and Odisha. As per the Indian constitution, they are designated as Scheduled Tribe for affirmative action.
Gavli is a Hindu caste in the Indian states of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh. They are a part of the Yadav community.
The Golla are a Telugu-speaking pastoral community primarily living in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana with smaller numbers in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. They are related to other pastoral-herding castes like Gulla, Gullar, Gollewar, Gavli and Dhangar and are a part of the larger Yadav community. They are classified as a Backward Caste.
Koppula Velama or Koppu Velama is a Telugu Warrior caste found in Andhra Pradesh, India. They are primarily found in the Uttarandhra region with smaller populations in other districts of the state. They are classified under the Other Backward Classes (OBCs) by the Government of Andhra Pradesh. They are politically well-represented in the Uttarandhra region. Koppula Velama is part of the broader Velama caste.
References
- 1 2 3 Gudavarthy, Ajay (2014). Maoism, Democracy and Globalisation: Cross-currents in Indian Politics. SAGE Publishing India. p. 81. ISBN 978-9-35150-425-2.
- 1 2 3 Singh, K. S. (1992). People of India: Andhra Pradesh. Anthropological Survey of India. p. 851. ISBN 978-81-7671-006-0.
- ↑ Rao, Chowdari Lakshmana (12 April 2022). "2 major castes sore over denial of Cabinet berths". The Hans India . Retrieved 29 April 2023.
- ↑ K. C. Suri (September 2002). "Democratic Process and Electoral Politics in Andhra Pradesh, India" (PDF). Overseas Development Institute . p. 10.
- 1 2 Singh, Kumar Suresh (1998). People of India: India's communities. Oxford University Press. p. 1573. ISBN 978-0-19-563354-2.
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