Telecommunications in Finland, as indicated by a 2022 European Commission index, highlight the country's significant role in the EU's digital sector. Finland has a high concentration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) specialists and robust training programs, leading to notable expertise in technologies like AI and cloud computing. The nation has also made significant advancements in 5G technology. Additionally, Finland stands out for its high adoption of digital public services. The Finnish digital sector benefits from both the technology industry's contributions and government policies aimed at enhancing digital infrastructure and cybersecurity.
The telecommunications in Russia has undergone significant changes since the 1980s, radio was a major new technology in the 1920s, when the Communists had recently come to power. Soviet authorities realized that the "ham" operator was highly individualistic and encouraged private initiative – too much so for the totalitarian regime. Criminal penalties were imposed but the working solution was to avoid broadcasting over the air. Instead radio programs were transmitted by copper wire, using a hub and spoke system, to loudspeakers in approved listening stations, such as the "Red" corner of a factory. This resulted in thousands of companies licensed to offer communication services today. Due to the enormous size of the country Russia today, the country leads in the number of TV broadcast stations and repeaters. The foundation for liberalization of broadcasting was laid by the decree signed by the President of the USSR in 1990. Telecommunication is mainly regulated through the Federal Law "On Communications" and the Federal Law "On Mass Media"
Telia Company AB is a Swedish multinational telecommunications company and mobile network operator present in Sweden, Finland, Norway, Denmark, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
T-Mobile is the brand name used by some of the mobile communications subsidiaries of the German telecommunications company Deutsche Telekom AG in the Czech Republic, Poland and the United States.
Tet is a Latvian internet service provider, telecommunications, technology and entertainment company. It has also been an electricity service provider since 2017.
MTS, headquartered in Moscow, is the largest mobile network operator in Russia, operating on GSM, UMTS and LTE standards. Apart from cellular network, the company also offers local telephone service, broadband, mobile television, cable television, satellite television and digital television.
Tele2 AB is a provider of mobile and fixed connectivity, telephony, data network services, TV, streaming and global Internet of Things services, amongst others, to consumers and enterprises. It is headquartered in Kista Science City, Stockholm, Sweden. It is a major mobile network operator in Sweden, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The company initially founded Tele2 Russia, but later sold all its operations, only leasing the use of its brand name.
Telia Eesti AS is one of the largest telecommunication companies in the Baltic States and member of Telia Company. AS Eesti Telekom is a holding company registered and operating in the Republic of Estonia, whose subsidiaries provide telecommunications services.
MegaFon, previously known as North-West GSM, is the second largest mobile phone operator and the third largest telecom operator in Russia. It works in the GSM, UMTS and LTE standard. The company serves 62.1 million subscribers in Russia and 1.6 million in Tajikistan. It is headquartered in Moscow.
DNA Oyj is a Finnish telecommunications group that provides voice, data and TV services. In December 2020, it had over 3.5 million subscription customers. 2.7 million of the customers were using a mobile network and 0.9 million were using a fixed network. DNA is a wholly owned subsidiary of Telenor.
TOT Public Company Limited is a Thai state-owned telecommunications company. Originally established in 1954 and corporatized in 2002, TOT used to be known as the Telephone Organization of Thailand and TOT Corporation Public Company Limited. TOT's main line of business is fixed line telephony, although it has several other businesses, including mobile telephony. Since 2021, TOT PCL become National Telecom Public Company Limited after merger with CAT Telecom.
Azercell is an Azerbaijani telecommunications company based in Baku. It is the largest mobile network operator in Azerbaijan. The company is owned by the ruling Aliyev family through offshore companies. In 2008, state shares were transferred to the Aliyev family's companies at a massive discount, effectively costing Azerbaijan's people at least $600 million.
Kcell is the Cellular Communication Operator in Kazakhstan, part of Kazakhtelecom.
Roshan is a telecommunications development company located in Afghanistan. It is a total communications provider with 6 million active subscribers and a network that covers over 287 districts and cities in all of the country’s 34 provinces.
Sun Mobile Limited, formerly known as New World Mobility Limited, is a mobile network operator brand and company in Hong Kong. It is a joint venture of HKT and Telecom Digital.
VEON Ltd. is a Dutch-domiciled multinational telecommunication services company. It predominantly operates services in the regions of Asia, Africa and Europe. It is the 13th largest mobile network operator in the world by number of subscribers. The company operates in six markets including Bangladesh, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan, VEON announced the sale of its Russian operations on 24 November 2022. VEON's brands include Kyivstar, Jazz Pakistan, Banglalink and others.
MyRepublic Group Limited is a Singaporean communications service provider. Launched in 2011, MyRepublic currently operates in Singapore and licenses its platform to operators in Brunei and Indonesia.
TV4 Media AB is a Swedish media holding company which is currently a part of the Swedish telecommunications company Telia Company, having acquired it from Swedish multimedia conglomerate Bonnier Group. The company owns Swedish commercial broadcaster TV4 AB, Finnish commercial broadcaster MTV Oy, and pan-Nordic premium television channel operator C More Entertainment.
