Andriy Atanasovych Melnyk was a Ukrainian military and political leader.
All-Russian Union for Women's Equality was a liberal feminist organisation formed in the Russian Empire during the Russian Revolution of 1905. The Union demanded equal political, particularly voting, rights to women. The Union had main centers in Moscow and Saint Petersburg and a number of local chapters in various cities of the Empire. At its peak in 1906, the Union had 8,000 members and 78 branches in 65 cities. The Union published monthly magazine Women's Union in 1907–09. The Union disintegrated soon after the end of the revolution. Despite lack of tangible feminist achievements, the Union succeeded in raising awareness and political consciousness of many women in the Russian Empire.
Women in Ukraine have equal constitutional rights as men in the economic, political, cultural, and social fields, as well as in the family.
The Eastern Catholic clergy of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church were a hereditary tight-knit social caste that dominated Ukrainian society in Western Ukraine from the late eighteenth until the mid-twentieth centuries, following the reforms instituted by Joseph II, Emperor of Austria. Because, like their Eastern Orthodox brethren, married men in the Ukrainian Catholic Church could become priests, they were able to establish "priestly dynasties", often associated with specific regions, for many generations. Numbering approximately 2,000-2,500 by the 19th century, priestly families tended to marry within their group, constituting a tight-knit hereditary caste. In the absence of a significant culturally and politically active native nobility, and enjoying a virtual monopoly on education and wealth within western Ukrainian society, the clergy came to form that group's native aristocracy. The clergy adopted Austria's role for them as bringers of culture and education to the Ukrainian countryside. Most Ukrainian social and political movements in Austrian-controlled territory emerged or were highly influenced by the clergy themselves or by their children. This influence was so great that western Ukrainians were accused by their Polish rivals of wanting to create a theocracy in western Ukraine. The central role played by the Ukrainian clergy or their children in western Ukrainian society would weaken somewhat at the end of the nineteenth century but would continue until the Soviet Union forcibly dissolved the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in Ukrainian territories in the mid-twentieth century.
The feminist movement has affected change in Western society, including women's suffrage; greater access to education; more equitable pay with men; the right to initiate divorce proceedings; the right of women to make individual decisions regarding pregnancy ; and the right to own property.
Solomiia Dmytrivna Pavlychko was a Ukrainian literary critic, philosopher, feminist, and translator. She is considered as one of the pioneering scholars to introduce gender studies and feminist analysis to Ukraine.
Olha Mykhailivna Basarab was a Ukrainian political activist and member of the Ukrainian Military Organization who conducted both charitable and humanitarian work that was recognized by the International Red Cross, as well as military or intelligence work on behalf of the Ukrainian underground. She was an executive of the Ukrainian Women's Union branch in Lviv. She was arrested by the Polish police after being accused of working with the Ukrainian Military Organization and of spying for Germany. Materials indicating cooperation with Germany's intelligence were found at her home. Different accounts of her death in prison exist ranging from suicide to murder. Afterwards she was seen as a martyr and source of inspiration within the Ukrainian community.
In Russia, feminism originated in the 18th century, influenced by the Age of Enlightenment in Western Europe and mostly confined to the aristocracy. Throughout the 19th century, the idea of feminism remained closely tied to revolutionary politics and to social reform. In the 20th century Russian feminists, inspired by socialist doctrine, shifted their focus from philanthropic works to labor organizing among peasants and factory workers. After the February Revolution of 1917, feminist lobbying gained suffrage, alongside general equality for women in society. Through this period, the concern with feminism varied depending on demographics and economic status.
Feminism in Germany as a modern movement began during the Wilhelmine period (1888–1918) with individual women and women's rights groups pressuring a range of traditional institutions, from universities to government, to open their doors to women. This movement culminated in women's suffrage in 1919. Later waves of feminist activists pushed to expand women's rights.
The All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, usually known as Komsomol, was a political youth organization in the Soviet Union. It is sometimes described as the youth division of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), although it was officially independent and referred to as "the helper and the reserve of the CPSU".
Nataliya Kobrynska was a Ukrainian writer, socialist feminist, and activist from Austria-Hungary.
Milena Ivanivna Rudnytska was a Ukrainian educator, women's activist, politician and writer. One of the most influential voices in the interwar period of the Galician women's movement leadership, she published articles in various periodicals. As a member of the Polish Sejm between 1928 and 1935, she brought issues of suppression by government authorities to the world stage, including the Polish regime's efforts to repress the culture of minority Ukrainians and the Soviet regime's denial of starvation in Ukraine during the Holodomor. With the Soviet and Nazi occupations of Ukraine, Rudnytska fled the country and remained an exile for the remainder of her days, publishing books and articles as she moved throughout Europe and the United States.
Little Entente of Women (1923–1930) was an umbrella organization for women's groups in the Balkan region and one of the first organizations to try to reunite Eastern European women from the former Austro-Hungarian region to work on changing their legal, socio-economic and political status. Though they succeeded in submitting draft legislations, change was slow to occur. After six years, the organization disbanded and the women funneled their efforts into other international feminist organizations.
Feminists were involved in the Spanish Civil War, although the conditions underlying their involvement pre-dated the Second Republic.
Uliana Kravchenko is the pen name of Julia Maria Schneider-Niementowska, was a Ukrainian educator, writer and the first Western Ukrainian woman to publish a book of poetry.
Klymentyna Karlivna Popovych-Boiarska was a Ukrainian writer, poet, and elementary school teacher born in Galicia. She was active in the Ukrainian women's movement, and wrote alongside Ivan Franko and Nataliya Kobrynska.
Mariia Biletska, sometimes Maria Biletska was a Ukrainian teacher. She ran a house in Lviv, where students could stay. She was a leader of the women's movement.
Ludmila Orestovna Gabel was a librarian, public figure and lawyer. She was born into a family of Narodnik revolutionaries, Orest and Augustina Gabel. She was a member of the Committee of Rural Libraries and the Book Commission of the Kharkiv Literacy Society. In 1887, after her father's exile ended, the family relocated to Kharkiv, where Ludmila pursued her education. She graduated from the second women's gymnasium in Kharkiv, earning the title of home tutor.
Martha Danilovna Bohachevsky-Chomiak is a Soviet and American historian and Ukrainian feminist activist.
