The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) was a body of the United Nations that was established to prosecute the war crimes that had been committed during the Yugoslav Wars and to try their perpetrators. The tribunal was an ad hoc court located in The Hague, Netherlands.
The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda was an international court established in November 1994 by the United Nations Security Council in Resolution 955 in order to judge people responsible for the Rwandan genocide and other serious violations of international law in Rwanda, or by Rwandan citizens in nearby states, between 1 January and 31 December 1994. The court eventually convicted 85 individuals at a cost of $1.3 billion.
Arusha City is a Tanzanian city and the regional capital of the Arusha Region, with a population of 416,442 plus 323,198 in the surrounding Arusha Rural District. Located below Mount Meru on the eastern edge of the eastern branch of the Great Rift Valley, Arusha City has a temperate climate. The city is close to the Serengeti National Park, the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Lake Manyara National Park, Olduvai Gorge, Tarangire National Park, Mount Kilimanjaro, and Mount Meru in the Arusha National Park and is thus considered the safari capital of the world.
Jerome Clement Bicamumpaka is a Rwandan politician. He is one of the 402 co-founders of the Rwandan political party MDR, a Rwandan democratic opposition party, created in Kigali on July 1, 1991. He was born on November 4, 1957, in Mukono (Rwaza), in Ruhondo commune, Ruhengeri prefecture.
International criminal law (ICL) is a body of public international law designed to prohibit certain categories of conduct commonly viewed as serious atrocities and to make perpetrators of such conduct criminally accountable for their perpetration. The core crimes under international law are genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and the crime of aggression.
Félicien Kabuga is a Rwandan businessman and génocidaire who played a major role in the run-up to the Genocide of the Rwandan Tutsis. A multimillionaire, he was closely connected to dictator Juvénal Habyarimana's Hutu nationalist MRND party and the Akazu, an informal group of Hutu extremists who helped lead the Rwandan genocide.
Augustin Ndindiliyimana is a former Rwandan General and Chief of the Rwandan National Gendarmerie. He was convicted of genocide by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda but he was acquitted by the tribunal upon appeal.
The Arusha International Conference Centre (AICC) located in Arusha, is the leading conference venue in Tanzania. It is 100% owned by the Government of Tanzania; however, operating without receiving any subsidies.
Hassan Bubacar Jallow is a Gambian judge who has served as Chief Justice of the Gambia since February 2017. He was the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) from 2003 to 2016, and Prosecutor of the Mechanism for International Criminal Tribunals (MICT) from 2012 to 2016, both at the rank of United Nations Under Secretary-General. He served as Minister of Justice and Attorney General from 1984 to 1994 under President Dawda Jawara.
Callixte Kalimanzira was the interior minister of the interim government of Rwanda during the 1994 genocide.
Prosper Mugiraneza is a former minister of civil service in Rwanda. Mugiraneza was born in 1957 in Kigarama, Kibungo Province, Rwanda. He is a graduate of the National University of Rwanda in Butare, where he earned a law degree . Before becoming minister of civil service, Mugiraneza was a trial attorney in Byumba prefecture, a chief prosecutor in Gisenyi prefecture, a chief prosecutor in Kigali capital, Secretary General of the Ministry of Justice and minister of labour and social affairs. He is married and has four children. His wife and children currently reside in Europe.
Charles Ayodeji Adeogun-Phillips is a former United Nations genocide and war crimes prosecutor, international lawyer and founder of Charles Anthony (Lawyers) LLP.
United Nations Security Council resolution 977, adopted unanimously on 22 February 1995, after recalling Resolution 955 (1994) in which the council was to determine the seat of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) and noting a report by the Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali, the council decided that its seat would be in Arusha, Tanzania.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1966, adopted on December 22, 2010, after recalling resolutions 827 (1993) and 955 (1994), the Council established a residual mechanism to conclude the remaining tasks of the International Criminal Tribunals for Rwanda (ICTR) and former Yugoslavia (ICTY). It was the final Security Council resolution adopted in 2010.
The International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals, also referred to as the IRMCT or the Mechanism, is an international court established by the United Nations Security Council in 2010 to perform the remaining functions of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) following the completion of those tribunals' respective mandates.
The United Nations Detention Unit (UNDU) is a UN-administered jail. It is part of the Hague Penitentiary Institution's Scheveningen location, more popularly known as Scheveningen Prison, in The Hague, Netherlands. The UNDU was established in 1993 as part of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and currently houses detainees whose cases have been taken over by the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals (IRMCT).
United Nations Security Council resolution 2080, adopted in 2012, extended the terms of five judges on the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), on the Rwanda genocide. In the resolution, the Security Council also asked for updates on the transition of the ICTR to the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals (IRMCT), which was to finish the remaining tasks of the ICTR and a similar tribunal on war crimes and genocide in the Yugoslav wars.
William H. Sekule is a Tanzanian judge who served on the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) in Arusha, Tanzania between May 1995 and March 2013. He was the presiding judge of the ICTR Trial Chamber II from June 1995 to June 1999 and from June 2001 to March 2013. He is a graduate of the University of Dar es Salaam of the University of East Africa, where he has also served on the Board of the Faculty of Law.
Prisca Matimba Nyambe, SC is a Zambian judge who also sits on international tribunals. She is known for dissenting from the majority decisions of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) judgements which convicted Ratko Mladić and Zdravko Tolimir of war crimes.
Vagn Joensen is a Danish jurist who served as President and Presiding Judge of the United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). He is presently a judge at the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals, which succeeded the ICTR.
