United Trade Unions of the Free Territory of Trieste

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United Trade Unions of the Free Territory of Trieste
Founded May 8, 1945
Date dissolved 1956
Members 68,500
Affiliation WFTU
Key people Ernesto Radich, Emilio Semilli
Country Free Territory of Trieste

The United Trade Unions of the Free Territory of Trieste (Italian : Confederazione dei sindacati unici del Territorio libero di Trieste, abbreviated SU Slovene : Zveza enotnih sindikatov Svobodnega tržaškega ozemlja, abbreviated ES), initially called the United Trade Unions of the Julian March (Italian : Sindacati unici della Regione Giulia, Slovene : Enotnih sindikatov Julijske krajine), was a trade union confederation in the Free Territory of Trieste. The confederation was politically connected to the Communist Party of the Free Territory of Trieste (PCTLT/KPSTO). [1]

Italian language Romance language

Italian is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family. Italian, together with Sardinian, is by most measures the closest language to Vulgar Latin of the Romance languages. Italian is an official language in Italy, Switzerland, San Marino and Vatican City. It has an official minority status in western Istria. It formerly had official status in Albania, Malta, Monaco, Montenegro (Kotor) and Greece, and is generally understood in Corsica and Savoie. It also used to be an official language in the former Italian East Africa and Italian North Africa, where it plays a significant role in various sectors. Italian is also spoken by large expatriate communities in the Americas and Australia. In spite of not existing any Italian community in their respective national territories and of not being spoken at any level, Italian is included de jure, but not de facto, between the recognized minority languages of Bosnia-Herzegovina and Romania. Many speakers of Italian are native bilinguals of both standardized Italian and other regional languages.

Slovene language language spoken in Slovenia

Slovene or Slovenian belongs to the group of South Slavic languages. It is spoken by approximately 2.5 million speakers worldwide, the majority of whom live in Slovenia. It is the first language of about 2.1 million Slovenian people and is one of the 24 official and working languages of the European Union.

A trade union, also called a labour union or labor union (US), is an association of workers in a particular trade, industry, or company created for the purpose of securing improvement in pay, benefits, working conditions or social and political status through collective bargaining and working conditions through the increased bargaining power wielded by creation of a monopoly of the workers. The trade union, through its leadership, bargains with the employer on behalf of union members and negotiates labour contracts with employers. The most common purpose of these associations or unions is "maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment". This may include the negotiation of wages, work rules, complaint procedures, rules governing hiring, firing and promotion of workers, benefits, workplace safety and policies.

Contents

Foundation

The confederation was established on May 8, 1945, as a continuation of 'Workers Unity' (Delavske enotnosti - Unita' operaia, a group that had been active in Trieste between October 1944 and April 1945). [2] [3] Bruno Fornunat served as the founding president of the organization. [3] A conference held on July 8, 1945 elected a regional committee to lead the organization. The July 8, 1945 conference also adopted a programme of the confederation, calling for Slovenian-Italian brotherhood, improvement of conditions for the working class, reconstruction of destroyed industries and support to the authorities of people's power. [2]

Trieste Comune in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy

Trieste is a city and a seaport in northeastern Italy. It is situated towards the end of a narrow strip of Italian territory lying between the Adriatic Sea and Slovenia, which lies almost immediately south and east of the city. It is also located near Croatia some further 30 kilometres (19 mi) south.

Organization

The organization was divided into five sectors: Trade union organizing, rural, workers sport union, workers unity and cooperative section. In late 1949 a Trade Union Youth Commission was reorganized. [3]

SU/ES had around 68,500 members; 33,700 in the city of Trieste, 18,500 in the surroundings of the city and around 29,000 in the Yugoslav-controlled Zone B. [4] Ernesto Radich and Emilio Semilli served as presidents of the confederation. [4] [5] The organization claimed to have 428 factory committees. [2] SU/ES became an affiliate to the World Federation of Trade Unions in August 1948. [3] [6]

World Federation of Trade Unions international organization

The World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) was established in 1945 to replace the International Federation of Trade Unions. Its mission was to bring together trade unions across the world in a single international organization, much like the United Nations. After a number of Western trade unions left it in 1949, as a result of disputes over support for the Marshall Plan, to form the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, the WFTU was made up primarily of unions affiliated with or sympathetic to communist parties. In the context of the Cold War, the WFTU was often portrayed as a Soviet front organization. A number of those unions, including those from Yugoslavia and China, left later when their governments had ideological differences with the Soviet Union.

In June 1949, SU/ES signed a treaty of cooperation with the Italian CGIL. [3]

Development

SU/ES conducted a number of political strikes. They were generally directed at the Allied Military Government, but sometimes also targeting pro-Italian organizations. A large section of Italian workers were alienated by the stance of SU/ES, which they often felt was pro-Slovenian. However, in late 1947 the organization managed to negotiate the merger of the pro-Italian Workers' Association, after which the name was changed to 'United Trade Unions of the Free Territory of Trieste'. The organization suffered a split after the condemnation of Yugoslavia by the Cominform in the summer of 1948. The control over the organization was retained by the pro-Cominform sectors. [2]

Cominform organization

Founded on October 5, 1947, Cominform is the common name for what was officially referred to as the Information Bureau of the Communist and Workers' Parties. It was the first official forum of the International Communist Movement since the dissolution of the Comintern and confirmed the new realities after World War II, including the creation of an Eastern Bloc.

SU/ES held its fourth congress on April 19–20, 1952 in the city of Trieste. The congress approved new statues for the confederation. [3] [7]

Merger into CGIL

The fifth congress of SU/ES, held January 27–29, 1954 changed the name of the organization to Confederation of Labour of the Free Territory of Trieste (Confederazione del lavoro del Territorio libero di Trieste). An extraordinary congress November 20–21, 1954 approved the affiliation of the confederation to CGIL. In February 1956 a New Confederal Chamber of Labour (NCCdL) was formed, substituting the confederation. [3]

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References

  1. ↑ Pirjevec, Jože. Vojna in mir na Primorskem: od kapitulacije Italije leta 1943 do Londonskega memoranduma leta 1954 Archived October 7, 2011, at the Wayback Machine .. Knjižnica Annales majora. Koper: Annales, 2005
  2. 1 2 3 4 Archives of the Republic of Slovenia. SI AS 1581 Glavni odbor Enotnih sindikatov Svobodnega tržaškega ozemlja, 1945-1950 (Fond)
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Istituto Livio Saranz. Nuova Camera Confederale del Lavoro NCCdL- CGIL
  4. 1 2 Tokarev, Sergeĭ Aleksandrovich, Giulio Cervani, and Diana De Rosa. Trieste 1946-1947: nel diario di un componente sovietico della commissione per i confini italo-jugoslavi . Civiltà del Risorgimento, 40. Udine: Del Bianco, 1995. p. 68
  5. ↑ INTRODUZIONE
  6. ↑ International Labor Directory . New York, N.Y.: Claridge Pub. Corp, 1950. p. 191
  7. ↑ Report of activity of the World Federation of Trade Unions . p. 209
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