An incunable or incunabulum is a book, pamphlet, or broadside that was printed in the earliest stages of printing in Europe, up to the year 1500. Incunabula were produced before the printing press became widespread on the continent and are distinct from manuscripts, which are documents written by hand. Some authorities on the history of printing include block books from the same time period as incunabula, whereas others limit the term to works printed using movable type.
The University of Münster is a public research university located in the city of Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany.
The Bavarian State Library in Munich is the central "Landesbibliothek", i. e. the state library of the Free State of Bavaria, the biggest universal and research library in Germany and one of Europe's most important universal libraries. With its collections currently comprising around 10.89 million books, it ranks among the leading research libraries worldwide. The Bayerische Staatsbibliothek furthermore is Europe's second-largest journals library. Furthermore, its historical holdings encompass one of the most important manuscript collections of the world, the largest collection of incunabula worldwide, as well as numerous further important special collections. Its collection of historical prints before 1850 totals almost one million units.
The Austrian National Library is the largest library in Austria, with more than 12 million items in its various collections. The library is located in the Neue Burg Wing of the Hofburg in center of Vienna. Since 2005, some of the collections have been relocated within the Baroque structure of the Palais Mollard-Clary. Founded by the Habsburgs, the library was originally called the Imperial Court Library ; the change to the current name occurred in 1920, following the end of the Habsburg Monarchy and the proclamation of the Austrian Republic. The library complex includes four museums, as well as multiple special collections and archives.
The Saxon State and University Library Dresden, abbreviated SLUB Dresden, is located in Dresden, Germany. It is both the regional library for the German State of Saxony as well as the academic library for the Dresden University of Technology. It was created in 1996 through the merger of the Saxon State Library (SLB) and the University Library Dresden (UB). The seemingly redundant name is to show that the library brings both these institutional traditions together.
The State Library of Württemberg is a large library in Stuttgart, Germany, which traces its history back to the ducal public library of Württemberg founded in 1765. It holds c. 4 million volumes and is thus the fourth-largest library in the state of Baden-Württemberg. The WLB owns an important collection of medieval manuscripts as well as one of the largest Bible collections in the world.
The Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal is the Portuguese national library.
The University of Kassel is a university founded in 1971 located in Kassel, Hessen, in central Germany. As of February 2022 it had about 25,000 students and about 3300 staff, including more than 300 professors.
The University Library of Potsdam is the largest academic library in the German state of Brandenburg. It serves the academic community of the University of Potsdam as well scholars, students and citizens in Berlin and Brandenburg.
RheinMain University and State Library, formerly Nassau State Library and Hessian State Library, is funded by the State of Hesse and located in Wiesbaden and Rüsselsheim. With collections currently comprising over one million items, it is one of Germany's medium-sized libraries. The major special collection is on the former state of Nassau, in which the library has its roots. As of 1 January 2011 it became part of RheinMain University of Applied Sciences. It is a central service facility of the RheinMain University of Applied Sciences and provides literature for the population of the city and region.
The Baden State Library is a large universal library in Karlsruhe. Together with the Württembergische Landesbibliothek, the BLB is the legal deposit and regional library for Baden-Württemberg.
The Jenaer Liederhandschrift is a 14th-century manuscript containing lyrics and melodies to songs in Middle High German. The majority of the lyrics belong to the genre of Spruchdichtung and, with 91 melodies, the manuscript is the single most important source for the music of this genre.
Heinrich Bone was a German educator and hymnwriter. He wrote a reader for German studies which was used for higher education in Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg and Austria, until it was banned during the Kulturkampf. He published a hymnal, Cantate!, which was used by several Catholic dioceses and became a model for common hymnals. Some of his own hymns, including paraphrases of Latin hymns, are part of recent hymnals, both Catholic and Protestant, such as "Komm, Schöpfer Geist, kehr bei uns ein" as a paraphrase of the 9th-century hymn for Pentecost, Veni Creator Spiritus.
Carlferdinand Zech was a German musicologist, composer and choir conductor.
The Landesbibliothek Coburg is a regional state (scientific) library under the administration of the Free State of Bavaria. It has its seat in the Ehrenburg Palace in Coburg and brings together the historical book collections of the dukes reigning in Coburg and their relatives.
Adelheid Karoline Wilhelmine Julie von Stolterfoth was a German poet.
The Book Museum of the Saxon State and University Library Dresden is a traditional literature museum in Dresden. It originated from the Cimelia Room (Zimelienzimmer) of the Royal Saxon Library.
The University and State Library Darmstadt supplies literature and information for members of the Technische Universität Darmstadt and the population of Darmstadt and southern Hesse. Purposes of the institution include education, research and teaching. As of 2021, the library has a stock of 4,756,277 publications with an annual circulation of 354,200; ULB has 220,000 visitors and employs a staff of 103.66 FTE. The ULB offers at three locations learning rooms and spaces for over 1000 people. As of 2023, the City Centre library opened 24 hours per day. Director is Thomas Stäcker. ULB Darmstadt is member of the Hessisches BibliotheksInformationssystem (hebis).
