Urotherapy is a non pharmacological and non surgical approach used in the management of bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD), primarily in children and adolescents. [1] BBD refers to the coexistence of at least one lower urinary tract symptom (such as urinary incontinence or urgency) with one or more bowel related symptoms, including constipation or encopresis. [2] [3] [4] It is widely recognized in pediatric continence care and is considered the first line management strategy for children with BBD. The terminology and specific practices may vary internationally, but the overall goal remains the structured restoration of optimal bladder and bowel function without the immediate use of medication or surgery.
Urotherapy is delivered in clinical settings by a range of healthcare professionals, including pelvic floor physiotherapists, nurses, and occupational therapists, depending on regional practices. It comprises structured approaches aimed at supporting bladder and bowel function. Standard urotherapy, as described in clinical studies, typically includes education about bladder and bowel physiology, establishment of regular voiding routines, attention to proper posture while sitting on the toilet and pelvic floor awareness. Monitoring of urinary and bowel habits over time is an important component. Interventions also frequently address bowel function, incorporating dietary measures to promote regularity and, when clinically indicated, the use of stool softeners. Hydration is another element often considered to support normal urinary function. [5] [6] [7] [8]
In addition to standard urotherapy, some programs may include more targeted interventions, sometimes referred to as specific urotherapy, which can incorporate techniques such as pelvic floor muscle training, biofeedback, or electrostimulation. Evidence from systematic reviews suggests that urotherapy can improve uroflowmetry parameters, reduce urinary incontinence, and alleviate symptoms of functional constipation and recurrent urinary tract infections in pediatric populations. [9] [10] [11] [12] [13]
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link){{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link){{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)