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Transparent exopolymer particles (TEPs) are extracellular acidic polysaccharides produced by phytoplankton and bacteria in saltwater, freshwater, and wastewater. They are incredibly abundant and play a significant role in biogeochemical cycling of carbon and other elements in water. Through this, they also play a role in the structure of food webs and trophic levels. TEP production and overall concentration has been observed to be higher in the Pacific Ocean compared to the Atlantic, and is more related to solar radiation in the Pacific. TEP concentration has been found to decrease with depth, having the highest concentration at the surface, especially associated with the SML, either by upward flux or sea surface production. Chlorophyll a has been found to be the best indicator of TEP concentration, rather than heterotrophic grazing abundance, further emphasizing the role of phytoplankton in TEP production. TEP concentration is especially enhanced by haptophyte phytoplanktonic dominance, solar radiation exposure, and close proximity to sea ice. TEPs also do not seem to show any diel cycles. High concentrations of TEPs in the surface ocean slow the sinking of solid particle aggregations, prolonging pelagic residence time. TEPs may provide an upward flux of materials such as bacteria, phytoplankton, carbon, and trace nutrients. High TEP concentrations were found under arctic sea ice, probably released by sympagic algae. TEP is efficiently recycled in the ocean, as heterotrophic grazers such as zooplankton and protists consume TEP and produce new TEP precursors to be reused, further emphasizing the importance of TEPs in marine carbon cycling. TEP abundance tends to be higher in coastal, shallow waters compared to deeper, oceanic waters. Diatom-dominated phytoplankton colonies produce larger, and stickier, TEPs, which may indicate that TEP size distribution and composition may be a useful tool in determining aggregate planktonic community structure.
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References
- ↑ "Dr. Uta Passow: Ocean Sciences". Memorial University of Newfoundland. Retrieved 2024-11-05.
- ↑ Passow, Uta. Wechselwirkungen zwischen Pelagial und Benthal während der Herbstblüte in der Kieler Bucht Hydrographie, Planktonsukzession und Primärproduktion. search.worldcat.org (Thesis) (in German). Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel. Retrieved 2024-11-05.
- ↑ Passow, Uta. Vertikalverteilung und Sedimentation von Phytoplanktonarten in der mittleren Ostsee während des Frühjahres 1986. search.worldcat.org (Thesis) (in German). Retrieved 2024-11-05.
- ↑ "Uta Passow | Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Marine Science | UC Santa Barbara". www.igpms.ucsb.edu. Retrieved 2024-11-04.
- ↑ Smetacek, Victor; Passow, Uta (1990). "Spring bloom initiation and Sverdrup's critical-depth model". Limnology and Oceanography. 35 (1): 228–234. Bibcode:1990LimOc..35..228S. doi:10.4319/lo.1990.35.1.0228.
- ↑ Passow, U.; Alldredge, A. L. (1994). "Distribution, size and bacterial colonization of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) in the ocean". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 113 (1/2): 185–198. Bibcode:1994MEPS..113..185P. doi:10.3354/meps113185. ISSN 0171-8630. JSTOR 24849588.
- ↑ Passow, Uta; Alldredge, Alice L.; Logan, Bruce E. (1994-02-01). "The role of particulate carbohydrate exudates in the flocculation of diatom blooms". Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. 41 (2): 335–357. Bibcode:1994DSRI...41..335P. doi:10.1016/0967-0637(94)90007-8. ISSN 0967-0637.
- ↑ Passow, U.; Alldredge, A. L. (1995). "A dye-binding assay for the spectrophotometric measurement of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP)". Limnology and Oceanography. 40 (7): 1326–1335. Bibcode:1995LimOc..40.1326P. doi:10.4319/lo.1995.40.7.1326. ISSN 0024-3590.
- ↑ Passow, U (2000). "Formation of transparent exopolymer particles, TEP, from dissolved precursor material". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 192: 1–11. Bibcode:2000MEPS..192....1P. doi:10.3354/meps192001. ISSN 0171-8630.
- ↑ Passow, U (2002). "Production of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) by phyto- and bacterioplankton". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 236: 1–12. Bibcode:2002MEPS..236....1P. doi:10.3354/meps236001. ISSN 0171-8630.
- ↑ Frost, Emily. "Five Questions with Uta Passow, How An Oil Spill Affects the Movement of Carbon In the Ocean | Smithsonian Ocean". ocean.si.edu. Retrieved 2024-11-05.
- ↑ "2022 recipient: UtaPassow". huntsmanaward.org. Retrieved 2024-11-04.
