Vanessa Northington Gamble

Last updated

Vanessa Northington Gamble (born 1953) is a physician who chaired the Tuskegee Syphilis Study Legacy Committee in 1996. [1] [2] [3]

Contents

Early life and education

Born in West Philadelphia, Gamble was primarily raised by her maternal grandmother. She attended Philadelphia High School for Girls and graduated in 1970, then studied medical sociology and biology at Hampshire College, graduating with her bachelor's degree in 1974. Gamble then attended medical school and graduate school at the University of Pennsylvania, earning her M.D. in 1983 and her Ph.D. in the history and sociology of science in 1987. She completed her graduate medical education (residency) at the University of Massachusetts. [1]

Career

Gamble began her career with appointments at the Harvard School of Public Health, Hampshire College, and the University of Massachusetts. In 1989, she was appointed an associate professor at the University of Wisconsin, where she taught courses on the intersection of race and public health in the United States. At the University of Wisconsin Medical School, she founded and was director of its Center for the Study of Race and Ethnicity. [1]

In 1996, [3] Gamble chaired a committee to investigate the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, an unethical, racist study of long-term syphilis infection in black men. [1] The committee's final report, published on May 20, called for then-President Bill Clinton to issue an apology in response to the harm done to the Macon County community and Tuskegee University, and the fears of government and medical abuse it created among African Americans. The report also called for the creation of programs to educate the public regarding the study, to train health care providers, and for ethics in scientific research. [4] President Clinton issued a formal apology on behalf of the government on May 16, 1997. [1] In her seminal article written later in 1997, [5] she explained however that while the Tuskegee Syphilis Study contributed to African Americans' continuing mistrust of the biomedical community, the study was not the most important reason. She called attention to a broader historical and social context that had already negatively influenced community attitudes, including countless prior medical injustices before the study's start in 1932. [6]

She left the University of Wisconsin in 2000, and moved to Tuskegee University, where she led the first National Bioethics Center to be established at a historically black university. [7] Beginning in 2003, Gamble was a professor at Johns Hopkins University in the school of public health. [1] As of 2016, she is a professor of medical humanities at George Washington University, where she began teaching in 2007. [8] [9]

Gamble has also worked with research organizations, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, and the American Foundation for AIDS Research. [1]

Publications

Honors and awards

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tuskegee Syphilis Study</span> 1932–1972 human experiment in Alabama, United States

The Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male was a study conducted between 1932 and 1972 by the United States Public Health Service (PHS) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) on a group of nearly 400 African American men with syphilis. The purpose of the study was to observe the effects of the disease when untreated, though by the end of the study medical advancements meant it was entirely treatable. The men were not informed of the nature of the experiment, and more than 100 died as a result.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hydroxycarbamide</span> Medical drug

Hydroxycarbamide, also known as hydroxyurea, is a medication used in sickle-cell disease, essential thrombocythemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, polycythemia vera, and cervical cancer. In sickle-cell disease it increases fetal hemoglobin and decreases the number of attacks. It is taken by mouth.

Nosophobia, also known as disease phobia or illness anxiety disorder, is the irrational fear of contracting a disease, a type of specific phobia. Primary fears of this kind are fear of contracting HIV infection, pulmonary tuberculosis (phthisiophobia), sexually transmitted infections, cancer (carcinophobia), heart diseases (cardiophobia), and catching the common cold or flu.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peter Buxtun</span> Tuskegee syphilis experiment whistleblower

Peter Buxtun is a former employee of the United States Public Health Service who became known as the whistleblower responsible for ending the Tuskegee syphilis experiment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Guatemala syphilis experiments</span> Human experimentation conducted by US doctors in Guatemala

The Guatemala syphilis experiments were United States-led human experiments conducted in Guatemala from 1946 to 1948. The experiments were led by physician John Charles Cutler, who also participated in the late stages of the Tuskegee syphilis experiment. Doctors infected 1,300 people, including at least 600 soldiers and people from various impoverished groups with syphilis, gonorrhea, and chancroid, without the informed consent of the subjects. Only 700 of them received treatment. In total, 5,500 people were involved in all research experiments, of whom 83 died by the end of 1953, though it is unknown whether or not the injections were responsible for all these deaths. Serology studies continued through 1953 involving the same vulnerable populations in addition to children from state-run schools, an orphanage, and rural towns. However, the intentional infection of patients ended with the original study.

Research shows many health disparities among different racial and ethnic groups in the United States. Different outcomes in mental and physical health exist between all U.S. Census-recognized racial groups, but these differences stem from different historical and current factors, including genetics, socioeconomic factors, and racism. Research has demonstrated that numerous health care professionals show implicit bias in the way that they treat patients. Certain diseases have a higher prevalence among specific racial groups, and life expectancy also varies across groups.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Virginia M. Alexander</span> American physician

Virginia Margaret Alexander was an American physician, public health researcher, and the founder of the Aspiranto Health Home in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eunice Rivers Laurie</span> American nurse (1899–1986)

Eunice Verdell Rivers Laurie (1899–1986) was an African American nurse who worked in the state of Alabama. She is known for her work as one of the nurses of the U.S. Public Health Service Syphilis Study in Macon County from 1932 to 1972.

<i>Simkins v. Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital</i>

Simkins v. Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital, 323 F.2d 959, was a federal case, reaching the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, which held that "separate but equal" racial segregation in publicly funded hospitals was a violation of equal protection under the United States Constitution.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eugene Dibble</span> American physician (1893–1968)

Eugene Heriot Dibble Jr. (1893–1968) was an American physician and head of the John A. Andrew Memorial Hospital at the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. He played an important role in the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, which was a clinical study conducted on syphilis in African American males from 1932 to 1972.

The Baltimore Lead Paint Study was a controversial clinical study conducted by the Johns Hopkins Kennedy Krieger Institute (KKI) in poor Baltimorean neighborhoods during the 1990s. Families with young children were deliberately exposed to lead by being housed with their families in apartments where lead paint had not been completely removed. Researchers hoped to show that less stringent lead abatement techniques that would cost landlords less money would pose minimal health risks to children. The study was criticised for targeting poor African American children, for exposing children to a known health risk and for inadequate participant consent. The backlash culminated in class action lawsuits against KKI by Ericka Grimes and Myron Higgins, two of the subjects representing on the order of a hundred affected children without adequate care.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elizabeth Fee</span> Medical historian

Elizabeth Fee, also known as Liz Fee, was a historian of science, medicine and health. She was the Chief of the United States National Library of Medicine History of Medicine Division.

Paul Bertau Cornely was an American physician, public health pioneer, and civil rights activist. In 1934, he became the first African American to earn a doctoral degree in public health. He was elected President of the American Public Health Association in 1970.

Black maternal mortality in the United States refers to the death of women, specifically those who identify as Black or African American, during or after child delivery. In general, maternal death can be due to a myriad of factors, such as the nature of the pregnancy or the delivery itself, but is not associated with unintentional or secondary causes. In the United States, around 700 women die from pregnancy-related illnesses or complications per year. This number does not include the approximately 50,000 women who experience life-threatening complications during childbirth, resulting in lifelong disabilities and complications. However, there are stark differences in maternal mortality rates for Black American women versus Indigenous American, Alaska Native, and White American women.

Asa Cristina Laurell is a Mexican sociologist who has had a long career in both research and government positions. She grew up in Sweden, but her education eventually brought her to Mexico. In Mexico, she was awarded two degrees and conducted research that focused on health policy, including ensuring access to health care for people in Mexico and various other Latin American countries. She is known for her role in helping to found the Latin American Association of Social Medicine (ALAMES), as well as the contributions she has made to widening access to health care for Mexicans during her time in government. This included serving as Undersecretary of Integration and Development at the Ministry of Health in Mexico.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Count Gibson</span> American physician (1921–2002)

Count Dillon Gibson, Jr. was an American physician known for his advocacy in medical civil rights. As a young professor at the Medical College of Virginia, in 1955 he became the first person outside Tuskegee Syphilis Experiments to raise ethical objections to the study. He was on the medical auxiliary committee that supported voting rights workers during Freedom Summer and with one of his collaborators from that project, H. Jack Geiger, in 1965 Gibson cofounded the first community health center in the United States, beginning a network that grew to serve 28 million low-income patients, as of 2020. In 1965 he was chair of the Department of Preventative Medicine at Tufts University Medical School, but moved to the Stanford School of Medicine in 1969 to chair of the Department of Community and Preventive Medicine. He worked in that role until his retirement in 1988.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vence L. Bonham Jr.</span>

Vence L. Bonham Jr. is an American lawyer who is the acting Deputy Director of the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) of the U. S. National Institutes of Health, and is the leader of the NHGRI Health Disparities Unit. His research focuses on social determinants of health, particularly with regard to the social implications of new genomic knowledge and technologies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anne Bahlke</span> American physician

Anne Magdalen Bahlke was an American physician, medical researcher, and public health official.

Noralou Preston Roos is an American-Canadian professor emerita of community health sciences. She has won several awards for her work in health policy, public health, publicly funded health care, and advocacy of evidence-based medicine and health promotion.

Emily Ai-hua Wang is an American physician who is a professor of medicine at the Yale School of Medicine. She is Director of the Yale SEICHE Center for Health and Justice. She was appointed a MacArthur Fellow in 2022.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Changing the Face of Medicine | Dr. Vanessa Northington Gamble". www.nlm.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 2021-03-11. Retrieved 2016-03-02.
  2. ↑ "Syphilis Study Legacy Committee | Tuskegee University". www.tuskegee.edu. Archived from the original on 2019-05-31. Retrieved 2021-03-11.
  3. 1 2 "Final Report of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study Legacy Committee -- May 1996". Bad Blood: The Tuskegee Syphilis Study. Archived from the original on July 5, 2017. Retrieved 2020-05-14.
  4. ↑ Final Report of the Syphilis Study Legacy Committee (PDF) (Report). May 20, 1996. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-03-11. Retrieved 2021-03-10.
  5. ↑ Yuko, Elizabeth (2021-03-09). "Why Are Black Communities Being Singled Out as Vaccine Hesitant?". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 2021-03-09. Retrieved 2021-03-11.
  6. 1 2 Gamble, V N (1997-11-01). "Under the shadow of Tuskegee: African Americans and health care". American Journal of Public Health. 87 (11): 1773–1778. doi:10.2105/AJPH.87.11.1773. ISSN   0090-0036. PMC   1381160 . PMID   9366634.
  7. ↑ "Vanessa Northington Gamble | Robert Wood Johnson Foundation - Investigator Awards in Health Policy Research". www.investigatorawards.org. Retrieved 2016-03-02.
  8. ↑ "Vanessa Northington Gamble | The Department of American Studies | The George Washington University | The George Washington University". americanstudies.columbian.gwu.edu. Archived from the original on 2014-06-11. Retrieved 2016-03-02.
  9. ↑ "ByGeorge!". www.gwu.edu. Archived from the original on 2021-03-11. Retrieved 2016-03-02.
  10. ↑ Botkin, Jeffrey R.; Appelbaum, Paul S.; Bakken, Suzanne; Brown, Chester; Burke, Wylie; Fabsitz, Richard; Gamble, Vanessa Northington; Gonsalves, Gregg; Kost, Rhonda (16 November 2018). "Standardizing return of participant results". Science. 362 (6416): 759–760. Bibcode:2018Sci...362..759B. doi:10.1126/science.aav8095. ISSN   1095-9203. PMID   30442797. S2CID   53563082.
  11. ↑ Gamble, Vanessa Northington (August 2016). ""Outstanding Services to Negro Health": Dr. Dorothy Boulding Ferebee, Dr. Virginia M. Alexander, and Black Women Physicians' Public Health Activism". American Journal of Public Health. 106 (8): 1397–1404. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303252. ISSN   1541-0048. PMC   4940657 . PMID   27310348.
  12. ↑ Gamble, Vanessa Northington (January 2014). "The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks reconsidered". The Hastings Center Report. 44 (1): 1p following 48. doi:10.1002/hast.239. ISSN   0093-0334. PMID   24408602.
  13. ↑ Gamble, Vanessa Northington (July 2013). ""No struggle, no fight, no court battle": the 1948 desegregation of the University of Arkansas School of Medicine". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 68 (3): 377–415. doi:10.1093/jhmas/jrs025. ISSN   1468-4373. PMID   22416058. S2CID   46391459.
  14. ↑ Gamble, Vanessa Northington (2010). ""There Wasn't a Lot of Comforts in Those Days:" African Americans, Public Health, and the 1918 Influenza Epidemic". Public Health Reports. 125 (Suppl 3): 114–122. doi:10.1177/00333549101250S314. ISSN   0033-3549. PMC   2862340 . PMID   20568573.
  15. ↑ Gamble, Vanessa Northington; Brown, Theodore M. (July 2009). "Midian Othello Bousfield: Advocate for the Medical and Public Health Concerns of Black Americans". American Journal of Public Health. 99 (7): 1186. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.163709. ISSN   0090-0036. PMC   2696648 . PMID   19443811.
  16. ↑ Gamble, Vanessa Northington (2009-02-01). "Standing on Shoulders". American Journal of Public Health. 99 (2): 200. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.156026. ISSN   0090-0036. PMC   2622789 . PMID   19141598.
  17. ↑ Brawley, Otis W.; Cornelius, Llewellyn J.; Edwards, Linda R.; Gamble, Vanessa Northington; Green, Bettye L.; Inturrisi, Charles E.; James, Andra H.; Laraque, Danielle; Mendez, Magda H. (27–29 February 2008). "NIH consensus development statement on hydroxyurea treatment for sickle cell disease". NIH Consensus and State-of-the-science Statements. 25 (1): 1–30. ISSN   1553-0779. PMID   18309362.
  18. ↑ Brawley, Otis W. (2008-06-17). "National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement: Hydroxyurea Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease". Annals of Internal Medicine. 148 (12): 932–8. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-148-12-200806170-00220 . ISSN   0003-4819. PMID   18458271.
  19. ↑ Shore, Nancy; Wong, Kristine A.; Seifer, Sarena D.; Grignon, Jessica; Gamble, Vanessa Northington (June 2008). "Introduction to Special Issue: Advancing the Ethics of Community-Based Participatory Research". Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics. 3 (2): 1–4. doi:10.1525/jer.2008.3.2.1. ISSN   1556-2646. PMID   19385741. S2CID   207117250.
  20. ↑ Wynia, Matthew K; Gamble, Vanessa Northington (May 2006). "Mistrust among Minorities and the Trustworthiness of Medicine". PLOS Medicine. 3 (5): e244. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030244 . ISSN   1549-1277. PMC   1468474 . PMID   16719549.
  21. ↑ Stone, Deborah; Gamble, Vanessa Northington (2006-02-01). "U.s. Policy on Health Inequities: The Interplay of Politics and Research". Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law. 31 (1): 93–126. doi:10.1215/03616878-31-1-93. ISSN   0361-6878. PMID   16484670.
  22. ↑ Gamble, Vanessa Northington (2000-01-01). "Subcutaneous Scars". Health Affairs. 19 (1): 164–169. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.19.1.164 . ISSN   0278-2715. PMID   10645083.
  23. ↑ Gamble, Vanessa Northington (1995-06-15). Making a Place for Ourselves: The Black Hospital Movement, 1920–1945. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195078893.001.0001. ISBN   9780199853762. Archived from the original on 2021-03-11. Retrieved 2019-04-28.
  24. ↑ Boonstra, Heather; Duran, Vanessa; Northington Gamble, Vanessa; Blumenthal, Paul; Dominguez, Linda; Pies, Cheri (January 2000). "The "boom and bust phenomenon": The hopes, dreams, and broken promises of the contraceptive revolution". Contraception. 61 (1): 9–25. doi:10.1016/S0010-7824(99)00121-3. PMID   10745065. Archived from the original on 2019-04-18. Retrieved 2019-04-18.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.