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Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa. It borders the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, Egypt to the north, Eritrea to the northeast, Ethiopia to the southeast, Libya to the northwest, South Sudan to the south, and the Red Sea. It has a population of 45.7 million people as of 2022 and occupies 1,886,068 square kilometres, making it Africa's third-largest country by area and the third-largest by area in the Arab League. It was the largest country by area in Africa and the Arab League until the secession of South Sudan in 2011; since then both titles have been held by Algeria. Its capital city is Khartoum, and its most populous city is Omdurman.
Telecommunications in Sudan includes fixed and mobile telephones, the Internet, radio, and television. Approximately 12 million out of 45 million people in Sudan use the Internet, mainly on smartphones and mobile computers.
The rich and varied music of Sudan has traditional, rural, northeastern African roots and also shows Arabic, Western or other African influences, especially on the popular urban music from the early 20th century onwards. Since the establishment of big cities like Khartoum as melting pots for people of diverse backgrounds, their cultural heritage and tastes have shaped numerous forms of modern popular music. In the globalized world of today, the creation and consumption of music through satellite TV or on the Internet is a driving force for cultural change in Sudan, popular with local audiences as well as with Sudanese living abroad.
Salva Kiir Mayardit, also known as Salva Kiir, is a South Sudanese politician who has been the President of South Sudan since its independence on 9 July 2011. Prior to independence, he was the President of the Government of Southern Sudan, as well as First Vice President of Sudan, from 2005 to 2011. He was named Commander-in-Chief of the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) in 2005, following the death of John Garang.
Zeinab Badawi is a Sudanese-British television and radio journalist. She was the first presenter of the ITV Morning News, and co-presented Channel 4 News with Jon Snow from 1989 to 1998), before joining BBC News. Badawi was the presenter of World News Today broadcast on both BBC Four and BBC World News, and Reporters, a weekly showcase of reports from the BBC. In 2021, Badawi was appointed as president of SOAS University of London.
As of the early 2000s, Sudan had one of the most restrictive media environments in Africa. Sudan’s print media since independence generally have served one of the political parties or the government in power, although there occasionally were outspoken independent newspapers.
Sudanese literature consists of both oral as well as written works of fiction and nonfiction that were created during the cultural history of today's Republic of the Sudan. This includes the territory of what was once Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, the independent country's history since 1956 as well as its changing geographical scope in the 21st century.
The 2011–2013 protests in Sudan began in January 2011 as part of the Arab Spring regional protest movement. Unlike in other Arab countries, popular uprisings in Sudan had succeeded in toppling the government prior to the Arab Spring in 1964 and 1985. Demonstrations in Sudan however were less common throughout the summer of 2011, during which South Sudan seceded from Sudan, but resumed in force later that year and again in June 2012, shortly after the government passed its much criticized austerity plan.
South Sudan, officially the Republic of South Sudan, is a landlocked country in Eastern Central Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia, Sudan, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and Kenya. Its population was estimated at 11,088,796 in 2023. Juba is the capital and largest city.
Human rights in South Sudan are a contentious issue, owing at least in part to the country's violent history.
The mass media in South Sudan is underdeveloped compared to many other countries, including fellow East African states like Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. Poor transportation infrastructure and entrenched poverty in the country inhibit both the circulation of newspapers, particularly in states located far from the capital of Juba, and the ability of media outlets to maintain regular coverage of the entire country.
The Sudan women's national football team is the official women's national football team of the country of Sudan. The team was established in 2021, and is controlled by the Sudan Football Association (SFA), the governing body for football in Sudan.
Sudan is a developing nation that faces many challenges in regard to gender inequality. Freedom House gave Sudan the lowest possible ranking among repressive regimes during 2012. South Sudan received a slightly higher rating but it was also rated as "not free". In the 2013 report of 2012 data, Sudan ranks 171st out of 186 countries on the Human Development Index (HDI). Sudan also is one of very few countries that are not a signatory on the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW).
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Najwa Musa Konda is a Sudanese women's rights activist and civil society leader for the Two Areas.
Yousra Elbagir is a Sudanese–British journalist and writer.
Abuk Payiti Ayik is a South Sudanese politician. She is a member of the country's Transitional National Legislative Assembly, representing the Sudan People's Liberation Movement and leading the Gender, Social Welfare, Youth, and Sports Committee.
Omnia Shawkat is a Sudanese journalist, digital stories and cross-cultural curator. She is co-founder and manager of the cultural online platform Andariya, based in Sudan, South Sudan and Uganda, covering other countries in East Africa and the Horn of Africa as well.
Anna Nimiriano is a South Sudanese journalist who is the co-founder and editor-in-chief of the Juba Monitor. Nimiriano is South Sudan's only female Editor-in-Chief and was the winner of the Women in News Editorial Leadership Award 2019 Africa.
Apollonia Mathia was a South Sudanese journalist and social activist. Mathia was one of the founders of the Association for Media Women in South Sudan (AMWISS) as well as Union of Journalists of Southern Sudan (UJOSS).
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ayen Achol Deng, Female Journalists Network (14 December 2021). "Veteran journalist who bore brunt of war for decades narrates her story" . Retrieved 21 March 2022.
- ↑ "Meet Veronica Lucy Gordon, South Sudan". Nobel Women's Initiative. 4 December 2014. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
- ↑ FOJO:Media Institute (November 2012). "Report on Training Needs for South Sudanese Journalists" (PDF). Fojo Media Institute. p. 13. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
- ↑ Powell, Robert (1 February 2012). "South Sudan : Media and telecoms landscape guide, February 2012" (PDF). Infoasaid. pp. 13–14. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
- ↑ "Veteran Journalist Alfred Taban elected head of AMDISS". Eye Radio. 17 October 2014. Retrieved 21 March 2022.