Vestiges de l’enceinte Gallo-Romaine (French) | |
Location | Grenoble, France |
---|---|
Region | Rhône-Alpes |
Coordinates | 45°11′35″N5°43′55″E / 45.19292°N 5.73208°E |
Type | Defensive wall and Status symbol |
Part of | Grenoble |
Length | 1.5 km (0.93 mi) |
Width | Up to 4 m (13 ft) |
Area | 9 Hectares (90000 sq. meters) |
History | |
Builder | Roman Army |
Material | Limestone Pebble Mortar |
Founded | 286-293 AD |
Site notes | |
Condition | Remaining sections: Either semi-ruinous or partly restored |
Public access | Open to Public |
Designation | Cultural |
The Vestiges (traces) of the Gallo-Roman wall are the remains of a fortification, constructed in Grenoble, France (formerly called Cularo) at the end of the 3rd century, under the reign of the Emperors Diocletian and Maximian. The status of Civitas marked the city of Cularo as an administrative capital of the Roman Empire. The Gallo-Roman wall was 1,150 meters in length, and had 39 semi-circular watchtowers which were 7.5 meters in diameter. It had two monumental gates [1] decorated by inscriptions identifying the two Roman emperors. [2] The Gallo-Roman wall played an important role in the protection of the 9-hectare urban surface of the Roman settlement. It served as a symbol of the status of Civitas. The wall was built up of small limestone blocks and was covered with plaster. Some parts of the wall were 4 meters thick and made up of limestone, pebble and tuileau rubble. These materials were held together by mortar.
This defensive construction was between four and five meters thick. The two doors of the surrounding wall were built on stone blocks reused from previous buildings such as funerary monuments. Close to the foundation of the Viennoise door, inscriptions can be found on the stones, which attributes them to earlier funerary monuments. Vertically planted wooden stakes served as foundation for the construction. Every side of the wall was formed by a regular setting of rubble-stone. Inside, the blockage was composed of diverse materials, and covered in whitewash mortar. The initial height of the wall was approximately nine meters. The total length of the wall was close to 1200 meters, set up in the shape of an oval. This defensive structure had a ditch that was full of water, which linked it to the Isère (river) to form a protective moat. [3]
Prior to the construction of the wall in the end of the 3rd century AD, the Gallic city of Cularo (Grenoble) was surrounded by a fence and a ditch. During the Roman Peace (Pax Romana) period (27 BC to 180 AD), the walls were not guarded. In the 3rd century, the city was weakened by the invasion of barbarians, so the Gallo-Romans built a surrounding wall, under the rule of the Emperor Diocletian. The wall surrounding Cularo covered 9 hectares of land and had two main gates. At the time, the city had an approximate population of 2000 inhabitants. Cularo appears on the Tabula Peutingeriana, but in the Latin version of Cularone
In 1963 an appreciation of the structure of certain vestiges gained popularity. [4] [5] Nowadays, some traces of this rampart can be found in Grenoble, near the following locations: Hector Berlioz street; Lafayette street; Chenoise street; and, near the Grenoble Cathedral. [6]
The Vestiges of the Gallo-Roman Wall are a landmark of Roman military heritage, signifying the culture of the Gallo-Romans in the city of Grenoble. Only the stone bonding remains today but the vestiges of one watchtower can be seen at the Musée de l'Ancien Évêché. [7] The rest of the wall was demolished during the many expansion periods of the city, as it was torn down by the inhabitants of the city for building materials and to make space for new developments. [8]
Located in the historical center of the city, close to the Grenoble Cathedral, the Musée de l'Ancien Évêché is now home to the main sources of public information on the Vestiges of the Gallo-Roman Wall. [9] These Roman vestiges are classified as historical monuments since 1957. [10] [11]
The exhibit can be found at the Musée de l'Ancien Evêché in Grenoble, France.
Grenoble is the prefecture and largest city of the Isère department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of southeastern France. It was the capital of the Dauphiné historical province and lies where the river Drac flows into the Isère at the foot of the French Alps.
Durocortorum was the name of the city Reims during the Roman era. It was the capital of the Remi tribe and the second largest city in Roman Gaul.
Aventicum was the largest town and capital of Roman Switzerland. Its remains are beside the modern town of Avenches.
Cularo was the name of the Gallic city which evolved into modern Grenoble. It was renamed Gratianopolis in 381 to honor Roman emperor Gratian.
Vizille is a commune in the Isère department in southeastern France.
Saint-Quentin-Fallavier is a commune in the Isère department, and the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, in southeastern France.
Jean Alexis Achard was a French painter.
Jacques Gay was a French painter.
The Bastille is the name of a fortress culminating at 476 m (1,561ft) above sea level, located at the south end of the Chartreuse mountain range and overlooking the city of Grenoble, France. The Bastille, which also gives its name to the hill, is the main tourist site of the Grenoble area, with 600,000 visitors per year.
The Musée dauphinois, located in Grenoble (France), is dedicated to the ethnography, archaeology, history and society of the former province of the Dauphiné. Situated above the neighbourhood of Saint-Laurent in the listed historic monument of Sainte-Marie d’en-Haut, the Musée dauphinois is an accredited “Musée de France“ and takes part in the Long Night of Museums.
The Museum of Grenoble is a municipal museum of Fine Arts and antiquities in the city of Grenoble in the Isère region of France.
The Walls of Jerusalem surround the Old City of Jerusalem. In 1535, when Jerusalem was part of the Ottoman Empire, Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent ordered the ruined city walls to be rebuilt. The work took some four years, between 1537 and 1541. The walls are visible on most old maps of Jerusalem over the last 1,500 years.
Vertillum is a Gallo-Roman site in the modern commune of Vertault in the Côte-d'Or department of eastern France. It has been extensively excavated over the past century. Many of the objects found at the site are held in the nearby Musée du Pays Châtillonnais.
Grenoble Archaeological Museum is a museum located in Grenoble, France. It occupies the historic site of Saint-Laurent at the foot of the Bastille on the right bank of the Isère.
François Joseph Guiguet was a French painter.
The Musée de l'Ancien Évêché is a departmental museum located in Grenoble, France and dedicated to the Isère heritage through the history of its Bishop's palace. Inaugurated in 1998, it is settled in the former Bishop's palace, near Grenoble Cathedral. The museum gives access to the remains of an early Christian baptistry and to a section of the vestiges of the Gallo-Roman wall in the basement of the building.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Grenoble, France.
The Tower of Vesunna is the vestige of a Gallo-Roman fanum (temple) dedicated to Vesunna, a tutelary goddess of the Petrocorii. The sanctuary was built in the 1st or 2nd century. Vesunna was the Gallo-Roman name for Périgueux, in the Dordogne department, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region.
Place de Verdun is a public square in the French commune of Grenoble in the French department of Isère, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region.
Rue Très-Cloîtres is a public road in the French commune of Grenoble.
Jacques-Joseph Champollion-Figeac, Nouveaux éclaircissemens sur la ville de Cularo, aujourd'hui Grenoble, J.B. Sajou, Paris, 1814
Woolf, Greg (1998). Becoming Roman : the origins of provincial civilization in Gaul (Repr. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. ISBN 9780521789820.
Pieters, Celine; Murray, Hélène; Bee, Stéphanie; Labourdette, Jean-Paul; Auzias, Dominique (October 2012). Best of France (2013 ed.). Jimjag. ISBN 9782746960084.
Jospin, Jean-Pascal; Rémy, Bernard (28 November 2013). Grenoble à l'époque gallo-romaine d'après les inscriptions (1st ed.). PUG (Presses Universitaires de Grenoble). ISBN 9782706119088.
Drinkwater, J; Elton, H (2002). Fifth-century Gaul: a crisis of identity?. Cambridge University Press.