Cularo

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Cularo was the name of the Gallic city which evolved into modern Grenoble. It was renamed Gratianopolis in 381 to honor Roman emperor Gratian.

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Model of the Gallo-Roman Walls that surrounded Cularo from the end of the 3rd century on. Model of the Gallo-Roman Walls that surrounded Grenoble.jpg
Model of the Gallo-Roman Walls that surrounded Cularo from the end of the 3rd century on.
Remnants of the Roman walls of Cularo Vestiges enceinte Cularo.JPG
Remnants of the Roman walls of Cularo

The first remaining reference to what is now Grenoble dates back to a July 43 BC letter by Munatius Plancus to Cicero. [1] The small town founded by the Allobroges Gallic people was at that time called Cularo. In 292, the western emperor Maximian elevated the town to the rank of “city” and had defensive walls built around it. These walls both protected the urban area and marked its status of Civitas. Their vestiges are now a landmark of this era.

Wishing to thank and honor the emperor Gratian for creating its bishopric, the inhabitants of Cularo renamed their town Gratianopolis in 381. That name would subsequently evolve into Grenoble through Graignovol.

The Saint-Laurent crypt and the baptistery of Grenoble date also back from the Gallo-Roman period (4th century), and have been preserved to this day; the latter remained in use until the 9th century but had later been buried under accumulated urban layers; it was rediscovered in 1989 during the construction of tramway tracks, excavated until 1996, and incorporated into the adjacent Musée de l'Ancien Évêché. Several small sections of the Gallo-Roman city wall are also visible in the old town, especially in rue Lafayette.

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The Vestiges (traces) of the Gallo-Roman wall are the remains of a fortification, constructed in Grenoble, France at the end of the 3rd century, under the reign of the Emperors Diocletian and Maximian. The status of Civitas marked the city of Cularo as an administrative capital of the Roman Empire. The Gallo-Roman wall was 1,150 meters in length, and had 39 semi-circular watchtowers which were 7.5 meters in diameter. It had two monumental gates decorated by inscriptions identifying the two Roman emperors. The Gallo-Roman wall played an important role in the protection of the 9-hectare urban surface of the Roman settlement. It served as a symbol of the status of Civitas. The wall was built up of small limestone blocks and was covered with plaster. Some parts of the wall were 4 meters thick and made up of limestone, pebble and tuileau rubble. These materials were held together by mortar.

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Grenoble, France.

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References

  1. Ad Familiares, 10, 23 Letter 876

Further reading

45°11′32″N5°43′50″E / 45.19222°N 5.73056°E / 45.19222; 5.73056