The Nitiobroges (Gaulish: *Nitiobrogis, 'the indigenous') were a Gallic tribe dwelling on the middle Garonne river, around their chief town Aginnon (modern-day Agen), during Iron Age and the Roman period.
They are mentioned as Nitiobroges (var.nitiobriges, iciobriges), Nitiobrogum and Nitiobrogibus (var.nit[h]iobrigibus, nithiobrogibus) by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC), [1] Nitiobroges (var. antobroges) by Pliny (1st c. AD), [2] Nitióbriges (Νιτιόβριγες) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD), [3] and as Nisiobroges by Sidonius Apollinaris (5th c. AD). [4] [5] The name is also attested as Nitiobrogeis (νιτιοβρογεις) on an inscription written on a torc with the Greek alphabet, found in Mailly-le-Camp and dated to the mid-1st century BC. [6]
The ethnonym Nitiobroges is a latinized form of the Gaulish *Nitiobrogis (sing.Nitiobrox), which literally means 'those who have their own country/territory', that is to say the 'indigenous', presumably in opposition to their neighbours that were not. [7] [8] [9] It stems from the Celtic prefix nitio- ('from here, proper') attached to brogi-s ('territory, region, march'). The same stem is found in the personal name Nitio-genus ('son of the country'). Their name can be contrasted with that of the Allo-broges ('foreigners'), who lived further northeast between the Rhône and the Alps, and also be compared with the Old Welsh *Kom-brogi-s ('from the same country'), which is at the origin of the ethnonym Cymro ('Welsh'). [7] [9]
The Nitiobroges dwelled in the modern-day Lot-et-Garonne department. [10] Their territory was located south of the Bituriges Vivisci, west of the Cadurci and Ruteni, north of the Sotiates, Volcae Tectosages and the Ausci, and east the Vasates. [11] [12]
Their chief town was Aginnon (Lat. Aginnum; modern Agen), erected on the middle Garumna (Garonne). [11]
The Nitiobroges settled in their attested homeland during the 4th century BC. [11] They participated in the Gallic coalition of Vercingetorix against Rome, providing 5,000 men led by the Nitiobrogian king Teutomatos at the Battle of Gergovia in 52 BC. [10]
The Bituriges Cubi were a Gallic tribe dwelling in a territory corresponding to the later province of Berry, which is named after them, during the Iron Age and the Roman period. They had a homonym tribe, the Bituriges Vivisci, in the Bordelais region, which could indicate a common origin, although there is no direct evidence of this.
The Viducassēs were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the modern Calvados department during the Iron Age and the Roman period.
The Aulerci Cenomani were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the modern Sarthe department during the Iron Age and the Roman period. The Cenomani were the most powerful of the Aulerci tribes.
The Petrocorii were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the present-day Périgord region, between the Dordogne and Vézère rivers, during the Iron Age and the Roman period.
The Caletes or Caleti were a Belgic or Gallic tribe dwelling in Pays de Caux, in present-day Normandy, during the Iron Age and the Roman period.
The Eburovīcēs or Aulercī Eburovīcēs were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the modern Eure department during the Iron Age and the Roman period. They were part of the Aulerci.
The Lexovii, were a Gallic tribe dwelling immediately west of the mouth of the Seine, around present-day Lisieux, during the Iron Age and the Roman period.
The Nantuates or Nantuatae were a Gallic tribe dwelling around present-day Massongex, in the modern Canton of Valais (Switzerland) and adjacent areas of France, during the Iron Age and the Roman period.
The Latobici or Latovici were a Celtic tribe dwelling in Pannonia Superior, around present-day Drnovo (Slovenia), during the Roman period.
The Redones or Riedones were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the eastern part of the Brittany peninsula during the Iron age and subsequent Roman conquest of Gaul. Their capital was at Condate, the site of modern day Rennes.
The Bituriges Vivisci were a Gallic tribe dwelling near modern-day Bordeaux during the Roman period. They had a homonym tribe, the Bituriges Cubi in the Berry region, which could indicate a common origin, although there is no direct of evidence of this.
The Caturiges were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the upper Durance valley, around present-day towns of Chorges and Embrun, during the Iron Age and the Roman period.
The Gabali were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the later Gévaudan region during the Iron Age and the Roman period.
The Namnetes were a Gallic tribe dwelling near the modern city of Nantes during the Iron Age and the Roman period.
The Veliocasses or Velocasses were a Belgic or Gallic tribe of the La Tène and Roman periods, dwelling in the south of modern Seine-Maritime and in the north of Eure.
The Cadurci were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the later region of Quercy during the Iron Age and the Roman period.
The Vindelici were a Gallic people dwelling around present-day Augsburg (Bavaria) during the Iron Age and the Roman period.
The Adanates or Edenates were a small Gallic tribe dwelling around present-day Seyne, in the Alpes Cottiae, during the Iron Age.
The Ambisontes were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the upper Salzach valley during the Roman period.
The Licates were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the upper valley of the Lech river during the Iron Age and the Roman period.
