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New Caledonia is a group of islands in the southwest Pacific Ocean,220 km (140 mi) southwest of Vanuatu and 1,210 km (750 mi) east of Australia. Located 16,100 km (10,000 mi) from Metropolitan France,it forms a sui generis collectivity of the French Republic,a legal status unique in overseas France and enshrined in a dedicated chapter of the French Constitution.
New Caledonia is a French sui generis collectivity with a system of government based on parliamentarism and representative democracy. The President of the Government is the head of government,and there is a multi-party system,with Executive power being exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the executive and the Congress of New Caledonia. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
Pierre Frogier is a French politician,who was President of the Government of New Caledonia from 2001 to 2004. He has been French senator for New Caledonia since 2011,and was member of the National Assembly of France from 1996 to 2011. He served as President of the Congress of New Caledonia from 1995 to 1997.
The Caledonian Union is a pro-independence and the oldest political party in New Caledonia. In the latest legislative elections of May 10,2009,the party won around 11.65% of the popular vote,and 9 out of 54 seats in the Territorial Congress.
The Nouméa Accord of 1998 is a promise by the French Republic to grant increased political power to New Caledonia and its indigenous population,the Kanaks,over a twenty-year transition period. It was signed 5 May 1998 by Lionel Jospin,and approved in a referendum in New Caledonia on 8 November,with 72% voting in favour. Under the accord,three more referendum votes,on whether to remain a special collectivity of France or become an independent state,have been held.
The Congress of New Caledonia,a "territorial congress",is the legislature of New Caledonia. The congress is headquartered at 1 Boulevard Vauban in downtown Noumea. Local media in New Caledonia refer to the congress as "boulevard Vauban" when referencing it.
Two flags are in use in New Caledonia,an overseas territory of France. Up to 2010,the only flag used to represent New Caledonia was the flag of France,a tricolour featuring three vertical bands coloured blue,white,and red known to English speakers as the French Tricolour or simply the Tricolour. However,in July 2010,the Congress of New Caledonia voted in favour of a wish to fly the Kanak flag of the independence movement FLNKS alongside the French Tricolour. The wish,legally non-binding,proved controversial. A majority of New Caledonian communes,but not all,now fly both flags,the rest flying only the French Tricolour.
This article lists the presidents of the Congress of New Caledonia since 1985. The President serves as the head,or speaker,of the Congress of New Caledonia.
Sonia Lagarde is a French New Caledonian politician and the current mayor of Nouméa. She has been a member of the National Assembly for New Caledonia's 1st constituency since 2012.
An independence referendum was held in New Caledonia on 4 November 2018. Voters were given the choice of remaining part of France or becoming an independent country.
DéwéGorodey was a New Caledonian teacher,writer,feminist and politician. She was active in agitating for independence from France in the 1970s. She published poetry,short stories and novels. From 1999,she was a member of the New Caledonian government,representing the pro-independence Kanak and Socialist National Liberation Front. From April 2001 to June 2009,she served almost continuously as Vice President of the Government of New Caledonia.
The vice president of the Government of New Caledonia is a political position in the Government of New Caledonia. According to the Nouméa Accord,the vice president in the collegial government system needs to come from a pro-independence party if the president comes from an anti-independence party and the other way round whenever the president comes from a pro-independence party.
An independence referendum was held in New Caledonia on 4 October 2020. The poll was the second to be held under the terms of the Nouméa Accord,following a similar referendum in 2018.
An independence referendum was held in New Caledonia,a French territory in the South Pacific,on 12 December 2021. The vote was the third and final one to be held under the terms of the Nouméa Accord,following votes in 2018 and 2020.
Didier Poidyaliwane was a New Caledonian politician. A pro-independence activist,he was a member of the Caledonian Union (UC) and the Kanak and Socialist National Liberation Front (FLNKS) and strongly defended the rights of indigenous Kanak people. He served in the cabinet of Philippe Germain and Thierry Santa as a minister in the Government of New Caledonia.
Caroline Machoro-Reignier is a Kanak politician in New Caledonia. A member of the pro-independence Caledonian Union,she led the Kanak and Socialist National Liberation Front alliance in the Congress of New Caledonia from 2011 to 2014. In 1988,she was one of the signatories of the Matignon Agreements between New Caledonian loyalists and separatists.
Oceanian Awakening is a political party in New Caledonia founded in March 2019.
Virginie Ruffenach is a politician from New Caledonia. She is a member of The Rally and the chairperson of the Future with Confidence alliance in the Congress of New Caledonia.
In May 2024,protests and riots broke out in New Caledonia,a sui generis collectivity of overseas France in the Pacific Ocean. The violent protests have led to at least 13 deaths,the declaration of a state of emergency on 16 May,deployment of the French army,and the block of the social network TikTok.
Les Loyalistes is a coalition of anti-independence centrist and right-wing political parties in New Caledonia. The Loyalist coalition is led by Sonia Backès. The parties involved are the Caledonian Republicans,the Caledonian People's Movement (MPC),and Générations NC.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Gouret, Baptiste (30 August 2024). "Qui est Veylma Falaeo, la nouvelle présidente du Congrès ?" [Who is Veylma Falaeo, the new president of the Congress?]. Les Nouvelles Calédoniennes (in French).
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Biographie" [Biography](PDF) (in French). Congress of New Caledonia.
- 1 2 Pohpillat, Anne-Claire (6 September 2024). "[DOSSIER] Veylma Falaeo: « Reprendre notre place centrale avec nos trois voix médianes »" [[FILE] Veylma Falaeo: “Retaking our central place with our three middle voices”]. DNC.nc (in French).
- 1 2 "Can New Caledonia's first female congress president bridge the divide amid civil unrest?". Radio France Internationale. 2 September 2024.
- ↑ Decloitre, Patrick (31 August 2024). "Roch Wamytan replaced - Major shift at New Caledonia's Congress". Radio New Zealand.
- ↑ Chenais, Stéphanie (29 August 2024). "Veylma Falaeo, élue présidente du Congrès de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, donne le ton : "Affirmer et démontrer l'existence de la voie médiane"" [Veylma Falaeo, elected president of the Congress of New Caledonia, sets the tone: "Affirm and demonstrate the existence of the middle way"] (in French). France Info.
- ↑ Avril, Yvan; Aubry, Loreleï; Chenais, Stéphanie (30 August 2024). "PORTRAIT. Veylma Falaeo, présidente du Congrès de la Nouvelle-Calédonie : "Il faut trouver le moyen de nous rassembler et de regarder, enfin, dans la même direction"" [PORTRAIT. Veylma Falaeo, President of the Congress of New Caledonia: “We must find a way to come together and finally look in the same direction”] (in French). France Info.
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