Virginia Andreescu Haret

Last updated • 4 min readFrom Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Virginia Andreescu Haret
Virginia Andreescu Haret.jpg
Born
Maria Virginia Andreescu

(1894-06-21)21 June 1894
Bucharest, Romania
Died6 May 1962(1962-05-06) (aged 67)
Bucharest, Romania
NationalityRomanian
Occupationarchitect
Years active1923–1947
Known forFirst Romanian woman to graduate with a degree in architecture
First Romanian Architectural Inspector General

Virginia Andreescu Haret (1894–1962) was a Romanian architect and is credited as the first woman to graduate with a degree in architecture in Romania. She is also the first woman to reach the rank of Romanian Architectural Inspector General.

Contents

Biography

Maria Virginia Andreescu was born on 21 June 1894 in Bucharest, Romania, and was the niece of the painter Ion Andreescu. [1] Her mother died when she was nine years old and Andreescu took charge at that point for raising her three younger siblings. In 1912, she graduated from high school at the Mihai Viteazul High School. [2] She enrolled in the Superior School of Architecture and was the first woman to graduate with a degree in architecture in 1919, [3] having earned the highest distinction award "very good". Simultaneously with her studies for a degree in architecture, Andreescu was attending the Academy of Fine Arts, studying under Ipolit Strâmbu. In 1920, Strâmbu organized a showing of 66 of Andreescu's works including drawings, sketches, and watercolors. They were well received and Historical Monuments Commission bought 28 of them for permanent display. [2]

In 1922, she undertook a study trip of the architecture of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and returned with a report, which was published in Fine Arts. Using the money she had gotten from the sale of her works to the Monuments Commission, Andreescu then went to Italy to further her education in Rome. She studied for a year and a half with Professor Gr. Bargelini, [2] also working with archaeologists to understand traditional building methods. The Novecento Italiano movement, which was popular at that time, can be seen as an influence in her later works. [4] After completing her studies in Rome, Andreescu returned to Romania in the second half of 1923 and began working at the Ministry of Technical Education, where she worked until her retirement in 1947. In 1928 she married Spiru I. Haret, [2] (1892-1970), nephew of the engineer and mathematician Spiru C. Haret. [5] The couple had one child, Radu, who became an engineer. [6]

Her most prolific period of building occurred between the World Wars. She built many projects including the Gheorghe Șincai High School (1924-1928), a wing of the Cantemir Vodă National College (1926-1929), [2] the Govora Casino (1928-1929), as well as many private homes monuments and public and private buildings. [7] Her style varies encompassing all of the Romanian architectural styles from classical to modern which were present in the early 20th century. Her own home was built in the Art Deco style, for which she seemed to have a personal preference. [5] After having built some 40 buildings, she received the designation as Romanian Architectural Inspector General, the first woman to have served in this capacity. [2] [7] She represented her country at many conferences and Congresses, including the International Architecture Congresses, in Brussels, Moscow, Paris, and Rome, and she received many awards for her designs. [7] In addition to building, she wrote a history of architecture with Nicolae Ghica-Budești in four volumes, complete with watercolors. [5]

Haret died on 6 May 1962 in Bucharest. [1]

Works

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Turret (architecture)</span> Small tower that projects vertically from a buildings wall; often a fortification

In architecture, a turret is a small tower that projects vertically from the wall of a building such as a medieval castle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gheorghe Țițeica</span> Romanian mathematician (1873–1939)

Gheorghe Țițeica publishing as George or Georges Tzitzéica) was a Romanian mathematician who made important contributions in geometry. He is recognized as the founder of the Romanian school of differential geometry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of Bucharest</span>

The history of Bucharest covers the time from the early settlements on the locality's territory until its modern existence as a city, capital of Wallachia, and present-day capital of Romania.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paula Ivan</span> Romanian middle-distance runner

Paula Ivan is a retired Romanian middle-distance runner.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gheorghe Lazăr National College, Bucharest</span> School in Bucharest, Romania

The Gheorghe Lazăr National College is a high school located in central Bucharest, Romania, at the southeast corner of the Cișmigiu Gardens, on the corner of Bulevardul Regina Elisabeta. One of the most prestigious secondary education institutions in Romania, it was named after the Transylvanian educator Gheorghe Lazăr, who taught at the Saint Sava College. Founded in 1860, it is the second oldest high school in Bucharest.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">David Emmanuel (mathematician)</span> Romanian Jewish mathematician and member of the Romanian Academy

David Emmanuel was a Romanian Jewish mathematician and member of the Romanian Academy, considered to be the founder of the modern mathematics school in Romania.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cartouche (design)</span> Frame for a painted or engraved design

A cartouche is an oval or oblong design with a slightly convex surface, typically edged with ornamental scrollwork. It is used to hold a painted or low-relief design. Since the early 16th century, the cartouche is a scrolling frame device, derived originally from Italian cartuccia. Such cartouches are characteristically stretched, pierced and scrolling.

Romanian architecture is very diverse, including medieval, pre-World War I, interwar, postwar, and contemporary 21st century architecture. In Romania, there are also regional differences with regard to architectural styles. Architecture, as the rest of the arts, was highly influenced by the socio-economic context and by the historical situation. For example, during the reign of King Carol I (1866–1914), Romania was in a continuous state of reorganization and modernization. In consequence, most of the architecture was designed by architects trained in Western European academies, particularly the École des Beaux-Arts, and a big part of the downtowns of the Romanian Old Kingdom were built during this period.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bucharest National University of Arts</span> Fine arts school in Bucharest, Romania

The National University of Arts in Bucharest is a university in Bucharest preparing students in fine arts. The National University of Arts is a higher education institution in Bucharest.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spiru Haret University</span>

The Spiru Haret University is a private university in Bucharest, Romania, founded in 1991 by the president of Tomorrow's Romania Foundation, Aurelian Gh. Bondrea, as part of the teaching activities of this foundation. The university claims this has been done according to the model used by Harvard University. The university bears the name of a scientist and reformer of the Romanian education, Spiru Haret, who lived before World War I.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tineretului</span>

Tineretului is a small neighborhood in south Bucharest, Romania in Sector 4, close to the city center, named after the nearby Tineretului Park. It is one of the preferred neighborhoods by people seeking to buy an apartment. This is due to the well established public transportation, two nearby parks; along with banks, commercial spaces and schools. In 2015 there were 17,981 people registered living in this area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gheorghe Bogdan-Duică</span> Imperial Austrian-born Romanian literary critic (1866 - 1934)

Gheorghe Bogdan-Duică was an Imperial Austrian-born Romanian literary critic. The son of a poor merchant family from Brașov, he attended several universities before launching a career as a critic, first in his native town and then in Czernowitz. Eventually settling in Bucharest, capital of the Romanian Old Kingdom, he managed to earn a university degree before teaching at a succession of high schools. Meanwhile, he continued publishing literary studies as well as intensifying an ardently nationalistic, Pan-Romanian activism. He urged the Romanian government to drop its neutrality policy and enter World War I; once this took place and his adopted home came under German occupation, he found himself arrested and deported to Bulgaria. After the war's conclusion and the union of Transylvania with Romania, he became a literature professor at the newly founded Cluj University. There, he served as rector in the late 1920s, but found himself increasingly out of touch with modern trends in literature.

Maria Cotescu (1896–1980) was one of the first female Romanian architects. She was most prolific in the period between the wars and was one of the few architects of the period whose theoretical design writings were parallel to her design implementation. She is most known for large industrial works, like the Romanian Railway Company's industrial and office project.

Henrieta Delavrancea (1897–1987) was a Romanian architect and one of the first female architects admitted to the Superior School of Architecture in Bucharest, but because of the suspension of her classes during World War I, she was not the first female to graduate. She was one of the best known women architects in Romania and a significant contributor to the modernist school of Romanian architecture, until state-controlled design in the communist era curtailed individuality.

Nicolae P. Bănescu was a Romanian historian, elected a titular member of the Romanian Academy in 1936.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Doina Marilena Ciocănea</span>

Doina Marilena Ciocănea is a Romanian architect.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Romanian Revival architecture</span> Architectural movement based on brâncovenesc architecture

Romanian Revival architecture is an architectural style that has appeared in the late 19th century in Romanian Art Nouveau, initially being the result of the attempts of finding a specific Romanian architectural style. The attempts are mainly due to the architects Ion Mincu (1852–1912), and Ion N. Socolescu (1856–1924). The peak of the style was the interwar period. The style was a national reaction after the domination of French-inspired Classicist Eclecticism. Apart from foreign influences, the contribution of Romanian architects, who reinvented the tradition, creating, at the same time, an original style, is manifesting more and more strongly. Ion Mincu and his successors, Grigore Cerchez, Cristofi Cerchez, Petre Antonescu, or Nicolae Ghica-Budești declared themselves for a modern architecture, with Romanian specific, based on theses such as those formulated by Alexandru Odobescu around 1870:

"Study the remains – no matter how small – of the artistic production of the past and make them the source of a great art (...) do not miss any opportunity to use the artistic elements presented by the Romanian monuments left over from old times; but transform them, change them, develop them ..."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mihai Viteazul National College, Bucharest</span> High school in Bucharest, Romania

Mihai Viteazul National College is a high school located at 62 Pache Protopopescu Boulevard, Bucharest, Romania. One of the most prestigious secondary education institutions in Romania, it was named after the Romanian ruler Michael the Brave.

Events from the year 1962 in Romania. The year saw the end of the collectivization of agriculture and increasing de-satellization of Communist Romania as the country last publicly supported the Soviet Union against China and took part is Warsaw Pact army exercises.

References

  1. 1 2 Marcu, George (2012). "Virginia Haret-Andreescu" (in Romanian). Bucharest, Romania: Enciclopedia României. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Badescu, Emanuel (18 July 2013). "Virginia Andreescu Haret, prima femeie arhitect din România (I)/ de Emanuel Bădescu". Ziarul Financiar (in Romanian). Bucharest, Romania. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
  3. Niculae, Raluca Livia (2012). "Architecture, a career option for women? Romania case" (PDF). Review of Applied Socio-Economic Research. 4 (2). Pro Global Science Association: 8. ISSN   2247-6172 . Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  4. Dan 2013, p. 34.
  5. 1 2 3 Lăcraru & Lăcraru 2013, p. 3.
  6. Delavrancea-Gibory, Henrietta (12 June 2013). "Virginia Haret. Cine are ceva de spus?" (in Romanian). Bucharest, Romania: Arhitectura (online). Retrieved 16 October 2015.
  7. 1 2 3 4 "The casino in Govora, an unfinished architectural monument" (in Romanian and English). Bucharest, Romania: Casino Inside Magazine. 13 December 2010. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
  8. Lăcraru & Lăcraru 2013, p. 25.
  9. Lăcraru & Lăcraru 2013, p. 26.
  10. Lăcraru & Lăcraru 2013, p. 14.
  11. Lăcraru & Lăcraru 2013, p. 28.
  12. Lăcraru & Lăcraru 2013, p. 33.
  13. Lăcraru & Lăcraru 2013, p. 24.
  14. Lăcraru & Lăcraru 2013, p. 23.
  15. Lăcraru & Lăcraru 2013, p. 34.
  16. Lăcraru & Lăcraru 2013, p. 35.
  17. Lăcraru & Lăcraru 2013, p. 36.
  18. Lăcraru & Lăcraru 2013, p. 37.
  19. Lăcraru & Lăcraru 2013, p. 27.
  20. Lăcraru & Lăcraru 2013, p. 6.
  21. Lăcraru & Lăcraru 2013, p. 13.
  22. Lăcraru & Lăcraru 2013, p. 9.
  23. Lăcraru & Lăcraru 2013, p. 29.
  24. Lăcraru & Lăcraru 2013, p. 17.
  25. Lăcraru & Lăcraru 2013, p. 31.
  26. Lăcraru & Lăcraru 2013, p. 32.
  27. Lăcraru & Lăcraru 2013, p. 15.
  28. Lăcraru & Lăcraru 2013, p. 8.
  29. Lăcraru & Lăcraru 2013, p. 10.
  30. Lăcraru & Lăcraru 2013, p. 11.
  31. Lăcraru & Lăcraru 2013, p. 30.
  32. Lăcraru & Lăcraru 2013, p. 12.
  33. Lăcraru & Lăcraru 2013, p. 16.
  34. Lăcraru & Lăcraru 2013, p. 7.
  35. Lăcraru & Lăcraru 2013, p. 19.
  36. Lăcraru & Lăcraru 2013, p. 20.
  37. Lăcraru & Lăcraru 2013, p. 22.
  38. Lăcraru & Lăcraru 2013, p. 18.
  39. Lăcraru & Lăcraru 2013, p. 21.

Sources