Vitrain is a lithotype of coal formed from the bark of large plants. Known for its glossy appearance, vitrain typically occurs in thin bands, between 3 and 10 millimeters in width. [1] [2] It has a brittle texture and typically forms cubical pieces when broken. [3] Chemically, vitrain stands out among coal lithotypes by hosting large concentrations of germanium. [4] Combustion of vitrain proves a vital source of germanium production, where the element can be extracted from the leftover ash.
Vitrain takes the form of thin, homogeneous bands of black, glassy material, usually ranging from 3 to ∼10 mm in thickness. It is generally very brittle and characterized by a close-spaced fracture pattern cutting across the layers.